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- Age-related differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding : a retrospective multinational cohort studyPublication . Vara-Luiz, Francisco; Palma, Carolina; Mascarenhas, Paulo; Tham, Tony C.; Arvanitakis, Marianna; Rodriguez-de-Santiago, Enrique; Pedroto, Isabel; Simas, Diogo; Radaelli, Franco; Camus, Marine; Gkolfakis, Paraskevas; Triantafyllou, Konstantinos; Fabbri, Carlo; Patita, Marta; Tan, Erica; Campbell, Ellen; Smyth, Michael; Beattie, Hannah; Seeruthun, Ravish; Hadefi, Alia; Rodríguez-Francisco, Gabriela; Paulo, João Pedro; Gonçalves, Luísa; Caetano, Isabel; Savino, Alberto; Goudot, Marie; Panagaki, Antonia; Koukoulioti, Eleni; Nikolaki, Maroulla; Gibiino, Giulia; Gattuso, Alberto; Mendes, Ivo; Piçarra, Francisco; Fonseca, JorgeBackground: Population ageing in Europe is reshaping the clinical profile and outcomes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB), but age-related comparative data remain scarce. We aimed to compare clinical presentation, management and 30-day outcomes between older and younger adults with LGIB. Methods: This retrospective, multinational, cohort study included consecutive adults presenting to emergency departments with LGIB between January 1 and December 31 in 2024. European hospitals routinely managing LGIB were eligible to participate. Ethical approval was obtained at hospital level. Patients were categorised in two age groups (≥65 and <65 years). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Findings: Overall, 1058 patients from 11 centres in seven European countries were included. Of these, 77.3% (818/1058) were aged ≥65 years and demonstrated a higher Oakland (21.0 ± 7.15), ABC (4.0 ± 2.9), and ALIBI (8.94 ± 3.7) scores, and a higher transfusion rate (50.9%, 416/818). Aetiology differed by age, with anorectal and inflammatory bowel diseases more common in younger adults and diverticular bleeding predominating in older patients. Endoscopy was performed in most patients (84.9%, 899/1058) and the rates of endoscopic therapy, interventional radiology, and surgery were similar across groups. Overall, 30-day mortality was 11.7% (124/1058) and was higher in older adults (13.7%, 112/818 versus 5.0%, 12/240), mainly due to non-bleeding-related causes (89.3%, 100/112). In multivariable analyses, ALIBI score (OR = 1.26 per-point, 95% CI 1.14–1.39), ABC score (OR = 1.25 per-point, 95% CI 1.15–1.36), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 1.25 per-point, 95% CI 1.14–1.37) were independently associated with 30-day mortality (p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.95 per-year, 95% CI 0.92–0.98; p = 0.0028). Interpretation: LGIB in older adults presents distinct clinical features with more severe bleeding. Higher baseline vulnerability might explain the age-related differences in escalation of care and worse outcomes. This supports the need for better integrated pathways of care in ageing European populations.
- Comprehensive chemical and enantiomeric characterization of commercial turpentine oils by GC–MSPublication . Pombo, Débora․S․ D․; Barra, Bárbara F․ C․; Bettencourt, Madalena; Quintas, Alexandre; Bekman, Evguenia P.; Neng, Nuno R.Recent reports from families of individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe neurological impairment and epilepsy, have described perceived neurological improvements following the topical application of a commercial turpentine oil (TO). These observations prompted the present analytical study, which aimed to characterise and quantify the terpenoid composition of 2 commercial TOs (Diamond and Creekwood), together with 6 additional commercial TOs, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Analysis of 6 TOs reported to originate from Pinus pinaster revealed similar combined percentages of α- and β-pinene (≈75%), except for one oil that exhibited a more complex profile, a lower α-pinene content (≈30%), and the presence of eucalyptol, which is uncommon in TOs from this species. The Creekwood oil contained a higher proportion of α-pinene (≈76%) and a markedly lower β-pinene content (≈3%) than the Diamond oil (≈62% and ≈26%, respectively). Chiral GC–MS analysis further revealed contrasting enantiomeric distributions, with (–)-α-pinene predominating in the Diamond oil and (+)-α-pinene in the Creekwood oil, while (–)-β-pinene predominated in both samples. For quantitative analysis, the analytical method was successfully validated, demonstrating suitable detection (1.5–5.0 mg/L) and quantification (5.0–16.7 mg/L) limits, good linearity (r2>0.991), and acceptable precision and accuracy (<15%). These findings demonstrate substantial chemical variability among commercial TOs and provide a framework for future studies on the biological effects of pine resin terpenoids in neuronal models relevant to AS.