IPT - Ci2 - Centro de Investigação em Cidades Inteligentes
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O Centro de Investigação em Cidades Inteligentes (Ci2) reúne um grupo interdisciplinar de investigadores por forma a congregar os conhecimentos e técnicas necessários para resolver os complexos problemas associados à criação de Cidades e Ambientes Inteligentes e Sustentáveis. Tem como principais objetivos promover a inovação, facilitar a disseminação do conhecimento científico e tecnológico em estreita colaboração com a rede empresarial e social, contribuir para a formação avançada e colaborar em estratégias de desenvolvimento regional, nacional e internacional.
O Ci2 é uma unidade de investigação financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) UIDB/05567/2020.
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- Análise da secção F. Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis realizada pelo Grupo de Trabalho Cidades e Comunidades SustentáveisPublication . Barros, F.M.; Pinho, Pedro; Ferreira, RitaEm muitos países, as universidades ou mais genericamente, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), estão a assumir um papel cada vez mais ativo no desenvolvimento sustentável de uma região, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar das comunidades, agregando valor aos processos de desenvolvimento regional, difundindo o conhecimento e a inovação regional ( GUNI Network , 2020 ). O papel tradicional das IES como criadoras e disseminadoras de conhecimento está a mudar, adotando gradualmente modelos colaborativos de envolvimento cívico e participação da sociedade para apoiar as comunidades a enfrentar os diversos desafios societais e globais da sustentabilidade (EUA, 2014). De uma forma geral, este é um processo de cocriação que, idealmente, tira partido da colaboração e partilha de conhecimento entre vários atores regionais envolvendo a academia, indústria, autoridades públicas e os cidadãos/comunidade. Na prática, o papel e a influência que as IES têm sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades e das comunidades difere de região para região. O tipo de universidade, a realidade económica, as políticas regionais e a capacidade das organizações públicas e privadas locais de absorver e utilizar o conhecimento criado nas universidades, são fatores determinantes que refletem uma diversidade de soluções, processos e abordagens. Foi neste contexto, que o Grupo de Trabalho em Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis da Rede Campus Sustentável (RCS) aceitou o desafio de colaborar na elaboração do Inquérito de caracterização do Ensino Superior em Portugal no que diz respeito à sustentabilidade, centrando a sua participação na área de atuação, efetuando o levantamento e o estudo de soluções inovadoras e de exemplos de boas práticas sustentáveis que estão a ser implementadas de forma colaborativa na interação entre o Campus e as Cidades ou Comunidades. Qual o papel das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) na sustentabilidade urbana? Que projetos promovidos pelas IES se dirigem à comunidade local e promovem uma sociedade mais sustentável? Como fortalecer esta interação de forma colaborativa, na interação entre o Campus e as Cidades ou Comunidades. O estudo que se segue, corresponde à análise da seção F - Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis, um dos 11 temas do Inquérito realizado às Instituições de Ensino Superior Portuguesas promovida pela RCS, Portugal. De forma a manter o compromisso de confidencialidade assumido com as Instituições participantes, o reporte dos resultados da análise do inquérito aqui apresentado, vai ser disponibilizado de forma anonimizada e por isso sem a comparação direta entre IES participantes.
- Análise da secção G. Mobilidade SustentávelPublication . Ribeiro, Anabela; Madeira, Ana Carla; Silva, Cecília; Pinho, Henrique J. O.; Ferreira, Rita; Tchepel, Oxana; Madeira, Ana Carla; Disterheft, Antje; Ribau Teixeira, Margarida; Caeiro, Sandra Sofia Ferreira da SilvaEste inquérito constitui a secção G do ‘Inquérito sobre Sustentabilidade no Ensino Superior em Portugal’ efetuado pela Rede Campus Sustentável às instituições de ensino superior (IES) Portuguesas e tem como objetivo caracterizá-las relativamente às iniciativas de promoção da mobilidade sustentável. Pretende-se ainda ter algum conhecimento das infraestruturas de que dispõem. De notar que este estudo tem o propósito de apoiar um inquérito de mobilidade mais extenso que se irá efetuar à comunidade académica das referidas IES.
- A app das Ciências Participativas: das práticas ancestrais à produção de conhecimentoPublication . Teixeira, Vitor; Garcês, Sara; Borralheiro, Anabela; Gomes, Hugo; Cardoso, Douglas O.; Trindade, Anícia; Ferraz, Eduardo; Oosterbeek, Luiz
- Audio Features for Music Emotion Recognition: a SurveyPublication . Panda, Renato; Malheiro, Ricardo; Paiva, Rui PedroThe design of meaningful audio features is a key need to advance the state-of-the-art in Music Emotion Recognition (MER). This work presents a survey on the existing emotionally-relevant computational audio features, supported by the music psychology literature on the relations between eight musical dimensions (melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, tone color, expressivity, texture and form) and specific emotions. Based on this review, current gaps and needs are identified and strategies for future research on feature engineering for MER are proposed, namely ideas for computational audio features that capture elements of musical form, texture and expressivity that should be further researched. Finally, although the focus of this article is on classical feature engineering methodologies (based on handcrafted features), perspectives on deep learning-based approaches are discussed.
- Autonomous patrol of water resources in natural and artificial systemsPublication . Barros, F.M.; Pinho, Henrique J. O.; Magalhães, Hugo; Ferreira, Carlos; Matos, PedroWater resources, being one of the most important natural resources, face major threats due to contamination by pollutants of various types and origins. Consequently, preservation, protection and sustainable use of natural resources is increasingly important. The “DragonFly” project aims to develop a system that solves the need for monitoring the quality of surface water in natural and artificial systems of different types, on a continuous and regular basis. It is intended to acquire water quality data in order to identify sources of pollution or to estimate the discharge and dispersion of contaminants along water courses. The system was specified to allow the acquisition of a specific set of environmental data that characterize the aquatic environment and help to detect variations (deviation) in water quality, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox, conductivity, salinity, and dissolved solids. The Castelo do Bode reservoir, was adopted in this work as a data acquisition area and for the development and testing of the system, due to its geographical proximity. It is the main national water reservoir for public supply, with a maximum extension of 60 km, it occupies an area of about 3 300 ha. The acquisition of real-time data is an essential condition in this type of application, as it will allow the immediate detection of pollution points and timely action on it. The available data continuity and regularity will allow the support of the aquatic environment studies and the forecasting systems modelling of future conditions, guiding the decision processes. To achieve this objective, a physical prototype was developed based on a floating electric vehicle (ASV ), to which several modules and/or satellite vehicles can be added, and which is already implemented at an advanced stage. In order to guarantee the continuity and regularity of the available data and to reduce system maintenance times and costs, it is necessary to ensure the autonomous operation of the supply system. Energy storage systems, autonomous refueling systems and independent energy conversion and storage systems are now being designed. The design of a versatile real-time water quality monitoring system contributes to the management and protection of water resources thus it can increase security in the water supply of populations and turn the resources management more efficient and sustainable.
- "Back in my day...": A Preliminary Study on the Differences in Generational Groups Perception of Musically-evoked EmotionPublication . Louro, Pedro; Panda, RenatoThe increasingly globalized world we live in today and the wide availability of music at our fingertips have led to more diverse musical tastes within younger generations than in older generations. Moreover, these disparities are still not well understood, and the extent to which they affect listeners' preferences and perception of music. Focusing on the latter, this study explores the differences in emotional perception of music between the Millennials and Gen Z generations. Interviews were conducted with six participants equally distributed between both generations by recording their listening experience and emotion perception on two previously compiled sets of songs representing each group. Significant differences between generations and possible contributing factors were found in the analysis of the conducted interviews. Findings point to differences in the perception of energy of songs with specific messages of suffering for love, as well as a tendency from the younger group to perceive a well-defined emotion in songs representing their generation in contrast to neutral responses from the other group. These findings are preliminary, and further studies are needed to understand their extent. Nevertheless, valuable insights can be extracted to improve music recommendation systems.
- Bioenergy routes for valorizing constructed wetland vegetation: An overviewPublication . Pinho, Henrique J. O.; Mateus, D. M. R.Valorizing constructed wetlands vegetation into biofuels can be a way to contribute to mitigating the increasing energy demand, avoiding the use of arable land, freshwater, and fertilizers consumption, while simultaneously treating wastewater with eco-friendly technology. This work shortly overviews the main genera of wetland plants and the main routes of vegetal biomass conversion into biofuels including biochemical and thermochemical processes, and through a cross-search, in the Scopus database, the research intensity in bioenergy application for each genus was assessed. A total of 283 genera of wetland plants were identified and classified into five groups, from very common to very rare genera. The very common group includes 10 genera and contributes to 62% of the literature hits, while the 147 genera classified as very rare contribute to only 3% of the hits. Concerning the bioenergy applications, four genera stand out from the remaining. The plants of the genus Sorghum are the most referred to in bioenergy applications, followed by the genera Brassica, Miscanthus, and Saccharum. Miscanthus is a less common wetland plant, while the other genera are rarely applied in constructed wetlands. The relevance of bioenergy routes depends on the plants' group. For common wetland plants, the most relevant applications are biogas production, followed by bio-ethanol production, and pyrolysis processing. As a recommendation for future research works the genera with high energy potential should be evaluated as wetland vegetation, and it is recommended that the goal to recover wetland vegetation for bioenergy applications be viewed as an integral step of the design and implementation of constructed wetlands facilities.
- Combination of various solid wastes with fragmented limestone as filler for constructed wetlands used for wastewater treatmentPublication . Mateus, D. M. R.; Graça, Nuno; Alves, Ana; Pinho, Henrique J. O.This study aims to contribute to the development of eco-efficient constructed wetlands through the concept of circular economy and the use of waste to treat waste Combinations of five solid wastes were evaluated as filler materials for CWs used for wastewater treatment To evaluate the combined capability of the waste materials to wastewater treatment, five sets of unplanted lab-scale CWs were established The CWs were operated in a discontinuous mode for three successive fill and drain cycles The highest COD removal rate was obtained for a CW filled with limestone and cork waste 90.3+/-0.9%. The highest total nitrogen removal rate was obtained for a CW filled with limestone and clay brick fragments 84.8+/-0.1%. Total phosphorus removal percentage of 91.8+/-0.1% was achieved for a control CW filled with limestone It was observed that layer packed solid waste combination fillings are adequate in improving COD removal in limestone based CWs, and that all but the limestone snail shells filling have a very good performance for total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal from wastewater.
- A Comparison Study of Deep Learning Methodologies for Music Emotion RecognitionPublication . Louro, Pedro; Redinho, Hugo; Malheiro, Ricardo; Paiva, Rui Pedro; Panda, RenatoClassical machine learning techniques have dominated Music Emotion Recognition. However, improvements have slowed down due to the complex and time-consuming task of handcrafting new emotionally relevant audio features. Deep learning methods have recently gained popularity in the field because of their ability to automatically learn relevant features from spectral representations of songs, eliminating such necessity. Nonetheless, there are limitations, such as the need for large amounts of quality labeled data, a common problem in MER research. To understand the effectiveness of these techniques, a comparison study using various classical machine learning and deep learning methods was conducted. The results showed that using an ensemble of a Dense Neural Network and a Convolutional Neural Network architecture resulted in a state-of-the-art 80.20% F1 score, an improvement of around 5% considering the best baseline results, concluding that future research should take advantage of both paradigms, that is, combining handcrafted features with feature learning.
- Contribution of Constructed Wetlands for Reclaimed Water Production: A ReviewPublication . Pinho, Henrique J. O.; Mateus, D. M. R.Freshwater scarcity is a growing threat to sustainable development, which can be mitigated by adequate management of water resources. Agriculture and related activities consist in the main use of freshwater, but several other human activities present relevant contributions. Because most of the water uses imply the generation of resultant wastewater, the production and use of reclaimed water by appropriate technologies can be part of the solution to that issue. Considering that the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) can be a relevant contribution to the production of reclaimed water, as an eco-friendly alternative to costly advanced water treatment technologies, this work is a review of the last decade of literature on the use of CWs to produce reclaimed water. The results point to a usual focus on the production of reclaimed water for agriculture or urban spaces irrigation. In order to potentiate a broader application of CWs, some directions of future research and use of this green technology are proposed.