Browsing by Author "Alves, Ricardo Castro"
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- Association between IL-1A and IL-1B gene polymorphisms with peri-implantitis in a Portuguese population : a pilot studyPublication . Cardoso, José Maria; Ribeiro, Ana Clara; Palos, Constança; Proença, Luís; Noronha, Susana; Alves, Ricardo CastroBackground: Scientific evidence indicates that biological complications in dental implants tend to be concentrated in a subset of individuals, which seems to imply that the host response may play a determining role in implant success. Over the last few decades, several polymorphisms have been studied. Polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) 1 gene cluster have been associated with periodontitis. There are some similar features in the sequence of immunopathological events in peri-implant and periodontal infections. We aimed to investigate if individuals carrying the genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-1A (rs1800587) and IL-1B (rs1143634) genes are more susceptible to develop peri-implantitis. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic pilot study was conducted in 20 Caucasian Portuguese subjects divided into two groups: 10 subjects with peri-implantitis and 10 subjects with peri-implant health (control group). Samples containing cells from the buccal mucosa were stored at −20 °C and later submitted to the DNA extraction process. Genetic analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methodologies. Results: For the IL-1A (−889) gene polymorphism, it was observed that the mutated allele was present in a higher percentage in the peri-implantitis group compared to the control group (30% vs 15% respectively, Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.45). For the IL-1B (+3954) gene polymorphism, it was also observed that the altered allele was present in a higher percentage in the disease group compared to the control group (35% vs 10% respectively, Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.13). The positive genotype (at least one allele with nucleotide sequence changed in both genes) was detected in six patients, five belonging to the disease group and one to the health group. Conclusions: Regarding IL-1 gene polymorphisms, there was no statistically significant difference between the health and disease group, however a trend should be highlighted, showing a potential link between the IL-1 genotype and peri-implantitis. More studies are needed to clarify the role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of peri-implantitis.
- Association between IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms and peri-implantitis : a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Cardoso, José Maria; Duarte, Sofia; Ribeiro, Ana Clara; Mascarenhas, Paulo; Noronha, Susana; Alves, Ricardo CastroRecent studies report that individuals with polymorphisms in the genes that encode for interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β (IL-1A and IL1B, respectively) and for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) may be more susceptible in developing peri-implantitis. Therefore, the current systematic review evaluates what is reported about the role of genetics, more specifically of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on IL-1 and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) on IL-1RN, in the development of peri-implantitis. This systematic review was carried out by screening PubMed, B-on, Cochrane and Scopus databases, for articles English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no limit regarding the publication year. Eight articles were selected for systematic review and four for meta-analytic syntheses. Our results show that although there is a lack of consensus in the literature, there seems to be an association between IL-1A, IL-1B, and IL-1RN polymorphisms with peri-implantitis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that patients who have the polymorphic allele at position +3954 of the IL-1B gene have on average almost twice the risk of developing peri-implantitis (odds ratio = 1.986, 95% confidence interval).
- COVID-19 management in clinical dental care part II : personal protective equipment for the dental care professionalPublication . Melo, Paulo; Afonso, Américo; Monteiro, Luís; Lopes, Otilia; Alves, Ricardo CastroBackground: Facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge on a global level, dental care professionals are encouraged to optimize universal precautions and adopt measures that ensure protection against infection by contaminated aerosols and droplets. Although aerosol transmission is possible, direct contact through large droplets is probably responsible for the vast majority of transmissions. Methods: This paper is the second of a series of 3 on the management of COVID-19 in clinical dental care settings and aims to describe the selection and use of personal protection equipment (PPE) by dental care professionals (DCP), with consideration of the level of risk associated with the planned procedures. PPE selection depends directly on the local epidemiological setting, the patient's characteristics, and the level of risk of the planned procedures. The procedures performed in the office environment are classified as low-, moderate-, or high-risk. Moderate risk includes 2 further sublevels associated with the cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of materials for clinical procedures that do not generate aerosols. The training of DCP on how to properly don (put on) and doff (remove) PPE is as important as choosing the appropriate PPE because it can be associated with a risk of infection. Discussion: When there is limited availability of PPE, measures should be adjusted to the risk associated with the intervention. Assuming that an effective COVID-19 vaccine will be developed, once it becomes widely available for DCP, PPE requirements will likely be different. Conclusion: The proper use of PPE, together with the adoption of other operational procedures, can provide effective protection against microorganisms being transmitted via body fluids or in the air.
- Is menopause associated with an increased risk of tooth loss in patients with chronic periodontitis?Publication . Alves, Ricardo Castro; Félix, Sérgio Antunes; Rodriguez Archilla, Alberto"Objetivos: Analisar o possível efeito da menopausa sobre a perda dentária em mulheres com periodontite crónica. Materiais e Métodos: 102 mulheres entre os 35 e 80 anos com periodontite crónica e pelo menos seis dentes foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo de estudo (GE) constituído por 68 mulheres na menopausa e grupo controle (GC) constituído por 34 mulheres pré-menopáusicas. Foi aplicado um questionário onde se recolheram diversos dados sociodemográficos, história clínica geral e oral, antecedentes ginecológicos e hábitos. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados diversos parâmetros orais e periodontais incluindo: número de dentes, índice de placa, presença de tártaro, profundidade de sondagem, hemorragia à sondagem, recessão gengival e perda de inserção. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Chi-Quadrado, Fisher, teste-t para amostras independentes, teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney y ANCOVA. Resultados: 98% das mulheres estudadas apresentam pelo menos um dente ausente. Ao comparar o grupo de mulheres pré e pós-menopáusicas, o número de dentes é significativamente menor nas mulheres na menopausa (GE 10,83±5,90;GC 6,79±4,66), no entanto, depois de ajustado o efeito da idade esta diferença deixa de ser estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusões: Na população estudada a menopausa não parece influenciar significativamente a perda dentária."
- Recessões gengivais em tratamento ortodôntico: como e quando intervir? – Casos clínicosPublication . Izidoro, Catarina; Vilhena, Mafalda dos Santos; Sardinha, Sara Maria; Lobato, Joana; Alves, Ricardo Castro
- Revisiting standard and novel therapeutic approaches in halitosis : a reviewPublication . Izidoro, Catarina; Botelho, João; Machado, Vanessa; Reis, Ana Mafalda; Proença, Luís; Alves, Ricardo Castro; Mendes, José JoãoHalitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.
- Single application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid as a coadjuvant of nonsurgical treatment in nonsmoking patients with periodontitis : A split-mouth, randomized, controlled pilot clinical trialPublication . Lobato, Joana Cristina Rico Farto; Vilhena, Mafalda Alexandra dos Santos; Izidoro, Catarina; Alves, Ricardo Castro; Proença, LuísBackground: Topical coadjuvants might be indicated to increase the results of nonsurgical periodontal treatment and overcome some of its limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits of a single topical application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA) as a coadjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontal patients. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients diagnosed with periodontitis were recruited to participate in this split-mouth randomized controlled trial. At baseline, oral hygiene instructions, prophylaxis, and SRP were performed in both sides; additionally, a subgingival application of HA at 0.8% was made in the test side. Several clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks later: full mouth plaque score, gingival score, bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: At the end of 12 weeks, there was a overall improvement in all periodontal parameters in both sides (P < 0.05). Test sides showed less BoP when compared to the control sides (9.4 ± 4.0 vs. 14.9 ± 8.9, P < 0.05). Other periodontal parameters such as PD and CAL showed a slight improvement in comparison with the control sides, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that a single subgingival application of 0.8% HA seems to reduce gingival inflammation and improve clinical parameters, particularly BoP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of repeated application of HA and long-term results.