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Revisiting standard and novel therapeutic approaches in halitosis : a review
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| 1.22 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
halitosis periodontal disease periodontitis tongue coating mouthwashes probiotics
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Izidoro C, Botelho J, Machado V, Reis AM, Proença L, Alves RC, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811303
Editora
MDPI