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A legitimidade da ação policial. Impacto do regime excecional de 2020
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Abstract(s)
O ano de 2020 ficou marcado pela declaração da pandemia de COVID-19, o novo coronavírus, que surge em dezembro de 2019 e rapidamente se alastrou a todo o mundo, causando milhões de vítimas, pressionando as unidades de saúde até ao ponto de rutura devido ao elevado número de infetados. Os Estados viram-se obrigados a recorrer à sua autoridade, com a implementação de estados de exceção constitucional, para procurar mitigar os efeitos desta pandemia que se revelou implacável.
As Polícias operacionalizaram as limitações impostas pelos Estados, limitando direitos, impondo restrições, aconselhando e reprimindo os infratores. Ora, este tipo de atuação, apesar de imprescindível dado o contexto, poderia, hipoteticamente, prejudicar a relação entre a sociedade e a sua Polícia. Essa foi a nossa questão de partida, o impacto causado pela situação excecional de 2020, na legitimidade da ação policial.
Recorrendo ao modelo de avaliação da legitimidade policial, baseado no processo, que engloba a Justiça Processual e a Legitimidade Policial, procurando perceber qual o impacto da pandemia, o cumprimento das medidas implementadas, o impacto da interação, entre outras dinâmicas.
Nesta investigação, a sociedade portuguesa foi representada por um grupo de estudantes universitários, que consideraram a ação policial processualmente justa e legítima. Apresentaram elevados níveis de cumprimento legal (inclusive das medidas excecionais), bem como um bom grau de confiança na Polícia portuguesa. Em suma, a Polícia cumpriu devidamente a difícil missão que lhe foi atribuída, conseguindo atingir o seu objetivo sem prejudicar a relação com a sociedade nas dimensões abordadas.
The year 2020 was marked by the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the new coronavirus, which appeared in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout the world, causing millions of victims and putting pressure on healthcare facilities to the breaking point due to the high number of infected people. States were forced to resort to their authority, with the implementation of constitutional states of exception, to seek to mitigate the effects of this pandemic that proved relentless. The police made the limitations imposed by the states operational, limiting rights, imposing restrictions, advising and repressing offenders. Now, this type of action, although indispensable given the context, could hypothetically damage the relationship between society and its Police. This was our starting question, the impact caused by the exceptional situation of 2020 on the legitimacy of police action. Using the process-based model for assessing police legitimacy, which encompasses Processual Justice and Police Legitimacy, we sought to understand the impact of the pandemic, the compliance with the measures implemented, the impact of interaction, among other dynamics. This research used a group of university students, who considered the police action to be procedurally fair and legitimate. They showed high levels of legal compliance (including exceptional measures), as well as a good degree of trust in the Portuguese Police. All in all, the Police duly fulfilled the difficult mission assigned to it, managing to achieve its goal without damaging the relationship with society in the dimensions addressed.
The year 2020 was marked by the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the new coronavirus, which appeared in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout the world, causing millions of victims and putting pressure on healthcare facilities to the breaking point due to the high number of infected people. States were forced to resort to their authority, with the implementation of constitutional states of exception, to seek to mitigate the effects of this pandemic that proved relentless. The police made the limitations imposed by the states operational, limiting rights, imposing restrictions, advising and repressing offenders. Now, this type of action, although indispensable given the context, could hypothetically damage the relationship between society and its Police. This was our starting question, the impact caused by the exceptional situation of 2020 on the legitimacy of police action. Using the process-based model for assessing police legitimacy, which encompasses Processual Justice and Police Legitimacy, we sought to understand the impact of the pandemic, the compliance with the measures implemented, the impact of interaction, among other dynamics. This research used a group of university students, who considered the police action to be procedurally fair and legitimate. They showed high levels of legal compliance (including exceptional measures), as well as a good degree of trust in the Portuguese Police. All in all, the Police duly fulfilled the difficult mission assigned to it, managing to achieve its goal without damaging the relationship with society in the dimensions addressed.
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Keywords
COVID-19 Justiça Processual Legitimidade Polícia Regime Excecional Processual Justice Legitimacy Police Exceptional measures