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MelhorArte. Um Projeto de Intervenção pela Arte com Pessoas Idosas Institucionalizadas
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, a sociedade portuguesa tem-se deparado com um drástico envelhecimento populacional fruto, essencialmente, da diminuição da taxa de natalidade e do aumento significativo da esperança de vida que conduz ao crescimento da população idosa com idade muito avançada que é mais suscetível a doenças crónicas e a limitações físicas e cognitivas e, por isso, mais dependente (Jesus, Orlandi & Zazzetta, 2018). Os idosos dependentes carecem do auxílio de outra pessoa para execução das suas atividades da vida diária (Figueiredo et al., 2020), sendo que, com o evoluir da dependência, surge a necessidade de encontrarem uma resposta que lhes permita ter este suporte, como é o caso da institucionalização.
A institucionalização, na sociedade moderna, é uma resposta que não se adequa às reais necessidades deste grupo populacional, já que muitas delas são estruturas onde há a ausência de atenção centrada na pessoa e nos cuidados diferenciados, o quadro do pessoal é desmotivado e insuficiente e os serviços prestados são desadequados à condição dos seus residentes (União das Misericórdias Portuguesas, 2021).
A arte tem impactos positivos na vida de qualquer pessoa, principalmente, nas pessoas idosas, pois promove laços interpessoais; desenvolve o autoconhecimento; aumenta as oportunidades de autoexpressão; melhora a autoestima; aumenta a capacidade de comunicação; aumenta as oportunidades de divertimento; diminui o stress; reduz o risco de desenvolver demência; diminui a ansiedade; melhora a concentração e a memória; aumenta a motivação e autonomia e possibilita o compartilhamento de dificuldades, desejos e sonhos.
Assim, tendo em conta a realidade de uma Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) da região norte de Portugal e o seu público-alvo, considera-se relevante o desenvolvimento de um projeto de intervenção com os idosos institucionalizados através da arte, com vista à promoção do seu bem-estar e à melhoria da sua qualidade de vida.
Nesta lógica, é fundamental refletir sobre estratégias que alterem a realidade destas estruturas e que permitam aos seus residentes sentirem-se mais integrados, participativos e motivados, de modo a minimizar o seu sofrimento, para assim poderem viver com dignidade, mesmo que com algumas limitações, os seus últimos anos de vida.
In recent years, Portuguese society has faced a drastic aging of the population, primarily due to a decrease in the birth rate and a significant increase in life expectancy, leading to a growing elderly population at a very advanced age, which is more susceptible to chronic diseases and physical and cognitive limitations and, therefore, more dependent (Jesus, Orlandi & Zazzetta, 2018). Dependent elderly people require the assistance of another person to carry out their activities of daily living (Figueiredo et al., 2020). As their dependence progresses, there is a need to find a solution that allows them to receive this support, such as institutionalization. In modern society, institutionalization is a response that does not meet the real needs of this population group, as many of them are structures lacking person-centered attention and differentiated care, the staff is unmotivated and insufficient, and the services provided are inadequate for the condition of their residents (União das Misericórdias Portuguesas, 2021). Art has positive impacts on the lives of anyone, especially the elderly, as it fosters interpersonal bonds; develops self-knowledge; increases opportunities for self-expression; improves self-esteem; enhances communication skills; increases opportunities for entertainment; reduces stress; reduces the risk of developing dementia; reduces anxiety; improves concentration and memory; increases motivation and autonomy; and enables the sharing of difficulties, desires, and dreams. Therefore, considering the reality of a Residential Structure for the Elderly (ERPI) in northern Portugal and its target audience, the development of an intervention project with institutionalized elderly people through art is considered relevant, aiming to promote their well-being and improve their quality of life. In this context, it is essential to reflect on strategies that change the reality of these structures and allow their residents to feel more integrated, engaged, and motivated, minimizing their suffering and enabling them to live their final years with dignity, even with some limitations. Keywords:
In recent years, Portuguese society has faced a drastic aging of the population, primarily due to a decrease in the birth rate and a significant increase in life expectancy, leading to a growing elderly population at a very advanced age, which is more susceptible to chronic diseases and physical and cognitive limitations and, therefore, more dependent (Jesus, Orlandi & Zazzetta, 2018). Dependent elderly people require the assistance of another person to carry out their activities of daily living (Figueiredo et al., 2020). As their dependence progresses, there is a need to find a solution that allows them to receive this support, such as institutionalization. In modern society, institutionalization is a response that does not meet the real needs of this population group, as many of them are structures lacking person-centered attention and differentiated care, the staff is unmotivated and insufficient, and the services provided are inadequate for the condition of their residents (União das Misericórdias Portuguesas, 2021). Art has positive impacts on the lives of anyone, especially the elderly, as it fosters interpersonal bonds; develops self-knowledge; increases opportunities for self-expression; improves self-esteem; enhances communication skills; increases opportunities for entertainment; reduces stress; reduces the risk of developing dementia; reduces anxiety; improves concentration and memory; increases motivation and autonomy; and enables the sharing of difficulties, desires, and dreams. Therefore, considering the reality of a Residential Structure for the Elderly (ERPI) in northern Portugal and its target audience, the development of an intervention project with institutionalized elderly people through art is considered relevant, aiming to promote their well-being and improve their quality of life. In this context, it is essential to reflect on strategies that change the reality of these structures and allow their residents to feel more integrated, engaged, and motivated, minimizing their suffering and enabling them to live their final years with dignity, even with some limitations. Keywords:
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APA
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Instituto Superior de Serviço Social do Porto