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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Diversidade Vocabular (DV) relaciona a variedade de palavras que são utilizadas por
um indivíduo num texto, seja ele oral ou escrito, refletindo assim a complexidade do seu
conhecimento vocabular. Apesar de a importância da DV ser reconhecida, não existe ainda
uma unanimidade quanto à medida que permite a obtenção de resultados mais válidos. O
Rácio Type-Token (RTT) e o D são os índices mais conhecidos e os mais aplicados em
diversas áreas da investigação linguística, nomeadamente na aquisição e desenvolvimento
da linguagem oral, aprendizagem de segunda língua, perturbações específicas da linguagem,
afasias, demências e alterações comportamentais. Não são, contudo, conhecidos estudos
desenvolvidos para o português europeu, pelo que se desenvolveu este trabalho que teve
como principais objetivos descrever a DV, medida pelo RTT e D, em crianças com idades
compreendidas entre os 3 e os 7 anos de idade, bem como verificar a relação destes índices
com o desenvolvimento linguístico.
Neste estudo foram gravadas amostras de discurso espontâneo e narrativo de 50
crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, monolingues, falantes nativas do
português europeu e a frequentar o ensino pré-escolar ou primeiro ciclo, recolhidas em
dois períodos de 30 minutos que contiveram, cada um, momentos de conversação, jogo
simbólico, descrição de imagens e livros de histórias. Todas as amostras de discurso foram
transcritas no programa Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN), em formato CHAT, e a DV,
medida pelos índices RTT e D, foi calculada no mesmo programa através dos comandos
freq e vocd, para cada faixa etária e contexto de discurso, tendo sido depois realizada a análise
estatística dos dados.
Concluiu-se que i) o RTT não é capaz de refletir a evolução da DV, entre os 3 e 7 anos
de idade e o D apenas reflete diferenças entre os 3 e os 6 anos e entre os 3 e 7 anos; ii) as
crianças que frequentam o ensino escolar apresentam uma DV superior à das crianças que
frequentam o pré-escolar; iii) apenas o índice D é indicador de desenvolvimento linguístico.
The variety of words used by a person in both oral and written text represents the Vocabulary Diversity (VD). Therefore, the complexity of person’s vocabulary knowledge is reflected by VD. Although the importance of VD has been recognized, there is still no unanimity regarding the most suitable parameter to obtain more valid results. Nowadays, indexes such as Type-Token Ratio (RTT) and D are the best-known and the most widely used in several areas of linguistic research, namely in acquisition and development of oral language, second language learning, specific language disorders, aphasia, dementia and behavioural disorders. However, for european portuguese, there were no studies available. Thus, the purpose of this work was to describe the VD measured by RTT and D indexes in children aged between 3 to 7 years old and to relate the obtained indexes with language development measures. For this study, we used spontaneous and narrative discourse of 50 monolingual children, native speakers of European Portuguese, with typical language development, attending pre-school or first cycle. Firstly, the speech samples were recorded in two 30- minute periods, both containing moments of conversation, symbolic play, image description and book storytelling. Then, we transcribed the speech samples following Computerized Language Analysis program (CLAN), in CHAT format. For each age group and speech context, we calculated VD (measured by RTT and D indexes) using freq and vocd commands of CLAN. In a final stage, we conducted the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Finally, it was concluded that i) RTT is unable to describe the VD evolution in children aged between 3 to 7 years old and D index only describes the differences between 3 and 6 to 7 years; ii) children attending school education have a higher VD when compared with children attending pre-school; and iii) only D index is an indicator of language development.
The variety of words used by a person in both oral and written text represents the Vocabulary Diversity (VD). Therefore, the complexity of person’s vocabulary knowledge is reflected by VD. Although the importance of VD has been recognized, there is still no unanimity regarding the most suitable parameter to obtain more valid results. Nowadays, indexes such as Type-Token Ratio (RTT) and D are the best-known and the most widely used in several areas of linguistic research, namely in acquisition and development of oral language, second language learning, specific language disorders, aphasia, dementia and behavioural disorders. However, for european portuguese, there were no studies available. Thus, the purpose of this work was to describe the VD measured by RTT and D indexes in children aged between 3 to 7 years old and to relate the obtained indexes with language development measures. For this study, we used spontaneous and narrative discourse of 50 monolingual children, native speakers of European Portuguese, with typical language development, attending pre-school or first cycle. Firstly, the speech samples were recorded in two 30- minute periods, both containing moments of conversation, symbolic play, image description and book storytelling. Then, we transcribed the speech samples following Computerized Language Analysis program (CLAN), in CHAT format. For each age group and speech context, we calculated VD (measured by RTT and D indexes) using freq and vocd commands of CLAN. In a final stage, we conducted the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Finally, it was concluded that i) RTT is unable to describe the VD evolution in children aged between 3 to 7 years old and D index only describes the differences between 3 and 6 to 7 years; ii) children attending school education have a higher VD when compared with children attending pre-school; and iii) only D index is an indicator of language development.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e
Perturbações da Linguagem na Criança
Área de Especialização em Terapia da Fala e
Perturbações da Linguagem
Keywords
Desenvolvimento Linguístico Diversidade Vocabular Rácio Type-Token Índice D CLAN CHAT Escolaridade Contexto narrativo Contexto Espontâneo Language Development Vocabulary Diversity Type-Token Ratio Index D Narrative Context Spontaneous Context
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde