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Produção e caracterização de compósitos de matriz epóxi com fibras de conteira e de sisal
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Abstract(s)
Existe uma grande necessidade na procura de materiais inovadores, económicos e sustentáveis. O desenvolvimento de materiais mais resistentes, duráveis e com elevada ductilidade é possível utilizando a incorporação de fibras, tais como as naturais, nos materiais compósitos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir e caracterizar compósitos com fibra de conteira e fibra de sisal, numa matriz de epóxi. Para tal, foram fabricados compósitos com percentagens de fibra a variar entre 2.5% a 10% em peso, com um tamanho de fibra de 6 mm. Estas fibras foram submetidas a um tratamento alcalino com NaOH, para garantir uma melhor adesão das fibras à matriz. Para a caracterização dos materiais, recorreu- se ao método de Arquimedes, à macroscopia e microscopia eletrónica de varrimento e as propriedades mecânicas foram obtidas através de ensaios de dureza e de tração. Os resultados mostraram uma variação pouco significativa na densidade dos compósitos com o aumento da quantidade de fibra incorporada, e também uma diminuição da resistência à tração, ductilidade e tenacidade à fratura dos materiais. Por outro lado, com este aumento da quantidade registou-se um aumento do módulo de elasticidade, assim como um aumento da dureza dos materiais compósitos. Em suma a adição de fibra aumenta de forma significativa a estabilidade dimensional dos materiais, contudo conduz a uma redução da resistência à tração.
There is a great need in the search for innovative, economical and sustainable materials. The development of materials more resistant, durable and with high ductility is possible using the incorporation of fibers, such as natural fibers, in composite materials. Thus, the present work aimed to produce and characterise composites with conteira fibre and sisal fibre, in an epoxy matrix. For this, composites with fibre percentages varying between 2.5% and 10% in weight, with a fibre size of 6 mm, were fabricated. These fibres were submitted to an alkaline treatment with NaOH, to guarantee a better adhesion of the fibres to the matrix. For the characterisation of the materials, the Archimedes method, macroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used and the mechanical properties were obtained through hardness and tensile tests. The results showed a small significant variation in the density of the composites with the increase of the amount of fibre incorporated, and also a decrease in the tensile strength, ductility and fracture toughness of the materials. On the other hand, with this increase in the amount there was an increase in the modulus of elasticity, as well as an increase in the hardness of the composite materials. In summary, the addition of fibre significantly increases the dimensional stability of the materials, but leads to a reduction in tensile strength.
There is a great need in the search for innovative, economical and sustainable materials. The development of materials more resistant, durable and with high ductility is possible using the incorporation of fibers, such as natural fibers, in composite materials. Thus, the present work aimed to produce and characterise composites with conteira fibre and sisal fibre, in an epoxy matrix. For this, composites with fibre percentages varying between 2.5% and 10% in weight, with a fibre size of 6 mm, were fabricated. These fibres were submitted to an alkaline treatment with NaOH, to guarantee a better adhesion of the fibres to the matrix. For the characterisation of the materials, the Archimedes method, macroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used and the mechanical properties were obtained through hardness and tensile tests. The results showed a small significant variation in the density of the composites with the increase of the amount of fibre incorporated, and also a decrease in the tensile strength, ductility and fracture toughness of the materials. On the other hand, with this increase in the amount there was an increase in the modulus of elasticity, as well as an increase in the hardness of the composite materials. In summary, the addition of fibre significantly increases the dimensional stability of the materials, but leads to a reduction in tensile strength.
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Keywords
Compósitos Resina Epóxi Fibras de Conteira Fibras de Sisal e Ensaios Mecânicos Composites Epoxy Resin Conteira Fibers Sisal Fibers and Mechanical Testing