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A economia como Instrumento de poder de Portugal na estratégia para a África Austral (1951-1974)
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Abstract(s)
O objetivo deste texto é determinar a importância da utilização do instrumento económico
na estratégia global do Governo Português na África Austral. Profundamente empenhado
em manter o “ultramar”, o Governo Português procurou ancorar-se na África Austral
através de uma estratégia político-diplomática com a África do Sul, Rodésia, Malawi e Zâmbia
em que a economia se revelou através de três importantes linhas de ação. (1) Com a África
do Sul, Portugal acomodou os objetivos de defesa com importantes investimentos em Angola
e em Moçambique. (2) Com a Rodésia, Portugal utilizou a economia para ajudar Ian Smith
a decidir declarar a independência unilateral em 1965 e para garantir a sua sobrevivência
política. (3) Com a Zâmbia e Malawi, Portugal utilizou a economia para seduzi-los a uma
colaboração efetiva contra os movimentos de libertação.
This article aims to determine the importance of the economy as an instrument of national power in the Portuguese Government’s global strategy in southern Africa. Steadfastly committed to maintaining its “overseas provinces”, the Portuguese Government sought to anchor the country’s presence in southern Africa, using a political-diplomatic strategy pursued in liaison with South Africa, Rhodesia, Malawi and Zambia, in which the economy served as an instrument of national power, based on three main action lines. (1) With South Africa, Portugal embraced defence objectives, in which South Africa made important investments in Angola and Mozambique. (2) With Rhodesia, Portugal used the economy to help Ian Smith to issue the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, and ensure his political survival. (3) With Zambia and Malawi, Portugal used the economy to persuade both countries to provide effective collaboration against the national liberation movements.
This article aims to determine the importance of the economy as an instrument of national power in the Portuguese Government’s global strategy in southern Africa. Steadfastly committed to maintaining its “overseas provinces”, the Portuguese Government sought to anchor the country’s presence in southern Africa, using a political-diplomatic strategy pursued in liaison with South Africa, Rhodesia, Malawi and Zambia, in which the economy served as an instrument of national power, based on three main action lines. (1) With South Africa, Portugal embraced defence objectives, in which South Africa made important investments in Angola and Mozambique. (2) With Rhodesia, Portugal used the economy to help Ian Smith to issue the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965, and ensure his political survival. (3) With Zambia and Malawi, Portugal used the economy to persuade both countries to provide effective collaboration against the national liberation movements.
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Keywords
Estratégia Económica Economic Strategy Portugal África do Sul Rodésia Malawi Zâmbia South Africa Rhodesia Zambia