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- O papel da maleta da enfermeira de saúde pública na formação das estudantes de enfermagem portuguesas no segundo e terceiro quartel do sec. XXPublication . Ferreira, Óscar; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Pereira, Isabel Carvalho Beato Ferraz; Moreira, Viriato; Henriques, HelgaObjetivos: Compreender a importância da maleta da enfermeira de saúde pública na formação das enfermeiras portuguesa no segundo e terceiro quartel do século XX. Clarificar as funções da maleta na formação em enfermagem de saúde pública. Enquadramento teórico: O ensino da enfermagem de saúde pública em Portugal teve início na década de 1940 na Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras. Posteriormente, em 1967, foi criada a Escola de Enfermagem de Saúde Pública para formação de especialistas nesta área profissional. Uma das atividades privilegiadas destas enfermeiras era a visitação domiciliar. Nesse sentido o seu uniforme era complementado com uma maleta contendo os instrumentos necessários ao exercício profissional. Tal objeto tinha a finalidade de facilitar o transporte do material; impedir a sua contaminação e simplificar a prestação de cuidado no domicílio. Nas escolas de enfermagem as estudantes aprendiam a utilizar a maleta, a mantê-la funcional e a dotá-la do material necessário aos cuidados. Metodologia: Recorremos ao acervo material das quatro ex-escolas públicas de enfermagem da capital portuguesa, à guarda da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, nomeadamente ao arquivo fotográfico, documental e museológico da época em estudo, tentando obter respostas para as seguintes questões: Qual a importância atribuída à maleta na formação das estudantes de saúde pública? Quais as funções da maleta na formação das enfermeiras? De que material era confecionada? Como se encontrava organizada? Que material transportava e porquê? Resultados e conclusões: A maleta da enfermeira de saúde pública era confecionada com material resistente e transportava o equipamento necessário ao exercício da atividade profissional. Tal objeto era muito importante para a estudante de enfermagem de saúde pública dado que, para além das suas funções e concomitantemente com o uniforme, contribuía para a formação da identidade profissional. Paralelamente transmitia profissionalismo, dignificava quem a transportava e promovia a imagem de uma cuidadora profissional responsável e competente.
- Aprender em projetos de investigação durante a licenciatura em enfermagem :Publication . Loura, David; Bernardes, Rafael; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Henriques, Helga; Félix, Isa Brito; Guerreiro, MaraIntrodução: O desenvolvimento da investigação e a emergência de uma prática baseada na evidência são um desafio claro para a educação dos futuros profissionais de saúde, aos quais são requeridas competências de pesquisa, leitura e utilização correta dos resultados da investigação na prática clínica. Objetivos: Identificar o que aprendem os estudantes de enfermagem com o envolvimento em projetos de investigação, durante a licenciatura. Métodos: A revisão integrativa de literatura foi efetuada segundo um protocolo, com definição dos critérios de elegibilidade dos estudos primários, obtidos nas bases de dados dos motores de busca EBSCO, JBI e Scopus. Resultados: Os estudantes podem ser envolvidos em todas as fases do processo de pesquisa, contribuindo para a sua satisfação na aprendizagem, com impacto positivo na motivação, reflexão e integração do conhecimento, desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação, escrita científica, gestão do tempo e juízo critico. O envolvimento dos estudantes contribui para o desenvolvimento dos projetos de investigação. Conclusões: O envolvimento dos estudantes em projetos de investigação contribui para diferentes aprendizagens. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a formação teórica sobre investigação deve ser associada a outras estratégias para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes de pesquisa.
- Educational Interventions for Nursing Homes Support Workers During the Pandemic:Publication . Sousa, Diana; Pinto, Joana; Faria, José; Pereira, Isabel; Henriques, Maria Adriana; Henriques, Helgantroduction:The current pandemic caused by the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2virus places the population in general, and aging people living in nursing homes in particular, in a situation of great vulnerability, with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. In these contexts, educational interventions with professionals have shown to be associated with changes in practices. However, data on educational interventions carried out in a pandemic situation in these contexts are still scarce, as well as their content and/or methodologies used. Goal:We aimed to describe educational interventions for nursing home support workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:An integrative literature review was carried out. Results:Of the 349articles identified, 4 were included in the final sample. The results show that the educational programs aimed at nursing home employees, including support workers, have great variability in terms of intervention, target audience, content, duration, how it is made available, and the scientific area of the trainers. There seems to be an association between the education provided and the reduction of virus transmission. Conclusions:This integrative review points to the importance of educational interventions, taught by health professionals, with support workers, as a way of preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2in nursing homes and reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Distance learning proves to be an educational opportunity for people in remote locations. Face-to-face training was also shown to be essential in demonstrating and training safe care practices. We recommend future research to achieve greater consistency in the conclusions.
- Conversational Agents for Health and Well-being Across the Life Course:Publication . Pereira Guerreiro, Mara; Angelini, Leonardo; Henriques, Helga; El Kamali, Mira; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Balsa, Joao; Félix, Isa Brito; ABOU KHALED, Omar; Carmo, Maria Beatriz; Cláudio, Ana Paula; Caon, Maurizio; Daher, Karl; Alexandre, Bruno Venâncio; Padinha, Mafalda; Mugellini, ElenaBackground: Conversational agents, which we defined as computer programs that are designed to simulate two-way human conversation by using language and are potentially supplemented with nonlanguage modalities, offer promising avenues for health interventions for different populations across the life course. There is a lack of open-access and user-friendly resources for identifying research trends and gaps and pinpointing expertise across international centers. Objective: Our aim is to provide an overview of all relevant evidence on conversational agents for health and well-being across the life course. Specifically, our objectives are to identify, categorize, and synthesize—through visual formats and a searchable database—primary studies and reviews in this research field. Methods: An evidence map was selected as the type of literature review to be conducted, as it optimally corresponded to our aim. We systematically searched 8 databases (MEDLINE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Scopus; the Cochrane, ACM, IEEE, and Joanna Briggs Institute databases; and Google Scholar). We will perform backward citation searching on all included studies. The first stage of a double-stage screening procedure, which was based on abstracts and titles only, was conducted by using predetermined eligibility criteria for primary studies and reviews. An operational screening procedure was developed for streamlined and consistent screening across the team. Double data extraction will be performed with previously piloted data collection forms. We will appraise systematic reviews by using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. Primary studies and reviews will be assessed separately in the analysis. Data will be synthesized through descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and subgroup analysis (if appropriate) and through high-level maps such as scatter and bubble charts. The development of the searchable database will be informed by the research questions and data extraction forms. Results: As of April 2021, the literature search in the eight databases was concluded, yielding a total of 16,351 records. The first stage of screening, which was based on abstracts and titles only, resulted in the selection of 1282 records of primary studies and 151 records of reviews. These will be subjected to second-stage screening. A glossary with operational definitions for supporting the study selection and data extraction stages was drafted. The anticipated completion date is October 2021. Conclusions: Our wider definition of a conversational agent and the broad scope of our evidence map will explicate trends and gaps in this field of research. Additionally, our evidence map and searchable database of studies will help researchers to avoid fragmented research efforts and wasteful redundancies. Finally, as part of the Harnessing the Power of Conversational e-Coaches for Health and Well-being Through Swiss-Portuguese Collaboration project, our work will also inform the development of an international taxonomy on conversational agents for health and well-being, thereby contributing to terminology standardization and categorization.
- Definição do conteúdo da mnemónica posicionarPublication . Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Ferreira, Óscar Manuel Ramos; Marques, Maria de Fátima Mendes; Presado, Maria Helena; CARDOSO, MÁRIO; Henriques, HelgaIntrodução: A Terapêutica de Posição é uma terapêutica essencial na prestação de cuidados de saúde, coadjuvante no tratamento de várias morbilidades, importante para a promoção do conforto e bem-estar em pessoas de maior fragilidade, auxiliando na prevenção de várias complicações decorrentes da doença e/ou tratamento. Objetivo: Definir os indicadores da Mnemónica – POSICIONAR, para futura validação por um painel de peritos. Método: Estudo de abordagem mista, desenvolvido em 3 fases. Apenas nos centramos na abordagem qualitativa do segundo estudo. Participaram 9 enfermeiros peritos que responderam, em duas rondas, a dois formulários, que foram sujeitos a análise temática de conteúdo segundo Bardin. Resultados: A análise de conteúdo permitiu a organização de um conjunto de intervenções para as 10 categorias definidas a priori e que são representativas da terapêutica de posição. Conclusões: O instrumento proposto, possibilita sistematizar um conjunto de critérios a utilizar na avaliação e promoção da segurança da pessoa a posicionar, bem como, facilitar a comunicação entre os profissionais de saúde e a continuidade de cuidados.
- A systematic review of cardiovascular risk management interventions among community-dwelling people with chronic diseasePublication . Henriques, Helga; Pinto, Joana; Faria, José Silva; Silva, AugustoIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the main cause of mortality in the world. Arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle and smoking are risk factors for CVD and the main chronic diseases. The evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to promote cardiovascular risk management in chronic disease is still laconic. Objective: To identify the components of cardiovascular risk management programs for people with chronic illness in the community, as well as the behavioral change techniques used. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in November 2020, following the recommendations of PRISMA. We used the MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane, Academic Search Complete and Mediclatina databases. The bibliographic sample consisted of 21 articles, involving 26040 people with chronic disease. Results: The intervention programs are heterogeneous, concerning their components, knowledge disciplines involved, duration and strategies used. The most frequently used behavioral change techniques are advice and negotiation. Conclusion: We can conclude that educational interventions are a consensual approach to the management of CVD risk in people with chronic diseases. The heterogeneity of the interventions doesn’t allow us to determine the program's effectiveness. Further research is needed to make the results more consistent.
- Sleep-enhancing nursing interventions in hospital wards: A systematic reviewSleep-enhancing nursing interventions in hospital wards: A systematic reviewPublication . Mendonça, Silvia Caldeira; Martins, Diogo Máximo Sabino; Durão, Cândida; Teixeira, Joana Moreira Ferreira; Rafael Henriques, Helga Marília da SilvaAim: To identify sleep-promoting nursing interventions in hospitalized adults and older people. Background: Sleep is necessary for maintaining good physical and mental health, as well as a high quality of life. Hospitalization can significantly disrupt sleep patterns, which is an often-overlooked issue. Nurses are the main participants in promoting sleep in hospitalized patients. Methods: Systematic literature review based on the question: "What interventions can nurses implement to promote sleep in hospitalized adults and older people?". The research was conducted on April 4, 2023, in CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, filtering the articles published in the last 10 years. For a study to be included, it must feature adult or older participants, an intervention that aims to enhance sleep, and the research should have been conducted within a hospital setting. We followed the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed the quality of the articles according to the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for quality assessment. The results were subjected to a narrative synthesis. Results or findings: Of the 712 articles found, 13 were selected. The sample encompasses 1975 participants. These selected articles emphasize educational and communicative interventions, dietary and sensory interventions, symptomatic and environmental control, daily activity planning, sleep assessment and documentation, and individualized nursing care. Discussion: There is a need for a systematic approach incorporating physical, psychosocial, and relational dimensions within the care context. Conclusion: It is necessary to raise the nurses' awareness of the factors that affect sleep experience and empower them to promote sleep in partnership with hospitalized patients. Implications for nursing and health policy: Sleep interventions can be promoted by implementing hospital policies, including environmental modifications in the design and refurbishment of facilities and restricting nighttime patient transfers to reduce noise and disturbances. Encouraging research studies that explore the effectiveness of these interventions will further support the development of evidence-based policies aimed at improving sleep quality in hospitalized patients.
- Air quality self-management in asthmatic patients with COPD: An integrative review for developing nursing interventions to prevent exacerbationsPublication . Sebastião, Bruna F.; Hortelão, Raquel M.; Granadas, Sara S.; Faria, José M.; Pinto, Joana R.; Rafael Henriques, Helga Marília da SilvaObjectives: Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) patients experience a lower quality of life, frequent exacerbations, and worse pulmonary function. Environmental management is essential in a complex chronic condition, as pollutant exposure can worsen symptoms and increase morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify evidence that informs nursing interventions in promoting self-management of air quality in asthmatic people with COPD. Methods: We conducted an integrative review in March of 2023. We searched the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Scopus, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Practice Database, and Google Scholar. We included articles whose participants were adults with asthma, COPD, or both; the intervention was air quality management and the outcome of any exacerbations. We excluded editorials, letters, commentaries, opinion papers, position papers, study protocols, conference abstracts, and reviews. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, categorizing interventions according to nursing actions. Methodological quality assessment was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. The review protocol was registered at Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5Y4KW). Results: We included five articles from different countries. The interventions promoting air quality self-management for individuals with asthma and COPD included vigilance interventions (health professional regular visits, assessment of symptoms), monitoring interventions (measurement of indoor and outdoor trigger factors), and educational interventions (air quality alerts, allergen avoidance). Policy interventions such as smoke-free policies and comprehensive strategies to improve air quality were also identified. These areas of focus represent critical components of nurses' interventions and can integrate the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Although the studies reveal heterogeneous interventions and the methodological quality is variable, these interventions showed potential for preventing exacerbations, reducing emergency department visits, and minimizing hospitalizations. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach involving nurses in multidisciplinary teams to air quality self-management. They can use these results to inform their interventions and ways of knowing, benefiting individuals with asthma and COPD. Further research is needed to expand the evidence base and refine these interventions.
- Intervenções educativas para ajudantes de ação direta de estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas durante a pandemia:Publication . Sousa, Diana; Pinto, Joana; Faria, José Silva; Pereira, Isabel; Henriques, Maria Adriana; Henriques, HelgaIntrodução. A atual pandemia de COVID-19, provocada pela circulação do vírus SARS-CoV-2, coloca a população em geral, e os idosos em Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) em particular, numa situação de grande vulnerabilidade, com um risco elevado de morbilidade e mortalidade. Nestes contextos, as intervenções educativas junto dos profissionais demonstraram estar associadas a mudanças de práticas. Contudo, são ainda escassos os dados sobre as intervenções educativas realizadas em situação pandémica nestes contextos, bem como o seu conteúdo e/ou metodologias utilizadas. Objetivo. Foi nosso objetivo descrever as intervenções educativas para Auxiliares de Ação Direta de ERPI durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados. Dos 349 artigos identificados, 4 integraram a amostra final. Os resultados mostram que os programas educativos dirigidos aos profissionais das ERPI, onde se incluem as Ajudantes de Ação Direta, apresentam uma grande variabilidade em termos de intervenção, público-alvo, conteúdos, duração, forma como é disponibilizado e área disciplinar dos formadores. Parece existir uma associação entre a educação disponibilizada e a redução da transmissão do vírus. Conclusões. Esta revisão integrativa vem apontar para a importância das intervenções educativas, ministradas por profissionais de saúde, junto das AAD, como forma de prevenir a transmissão do SARS-CoV-2 em ERPI e reduzir as taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade. O ensino à distância revela-se uma oportunidade de educação para as pessoas em locais remotos, com dificuldades no acesso presencial. A formação presencial mostrou-se também como essencial na demonstração e treino de práticas de cuidados seguros. Recomenda-se a realização de investigação no futuro para obter uma maior consistência nas conclusões.
- Specialized nursing intervention on critically ill patient in the prevention of intubation-associated pneumonia: an integrative literature reviewPublication . Almeida, Daniela Fradinho; Pinto, Maria do Rosário; Durao, Maria Candida; Henriques, Helga Rafael; Teixeira, Joana FerreiraHealthcare-associated infections are adverse events that affect people in critical condition, especially when hospitalized in an intensive care unit. The most prevalent is intubation-associated pneumonia (IAP), a nursing-care-sensitive area. This review aims to identify and analyze nursing interventions for preventing IAP. An integrative literature review was done using the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed databases. After checking the eligibility of the studies and using Rayyan software, ten final documents were obtained for extraction and analysis. The results obtained suggest that the nursing interventions identified for the prevention of IAP are elevating the headboard to 30º; washing the teeth, mouth and mucous membranes with a toothbrush and then instilling chlorohexidine 0.12%-0.2% every 8/8 hr; monitoring the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube (ETT) between 20-30 mm Hg; daily assessment of the need for sedation and ventilatory weaning and the use of ETT with drainage of subglottic secretions. The multimodal nursing interventions identified enable health gains to be made in preventing or reducing IAP. This area is sensitive to nursing care, positively impacting the patient, family, and organizations. Future research is suggested into the effectiveness of chlorohexidine compared to other oral hygiene products, as well as studies into the mortality rate associated with IAP, with and without ETT for subglottic aspiration.