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- Impact of interparental conflict on emotional regulation and happiness in adolescentsPublication . Fernandes, Mariana Rodrigues; Almeida, TelmaIntroduction: Adolescence is an emotionally demanding period, marked by the consolidation of emotion regulation processes. Within this context, the impact of iinterparental conflict has been linked to poorer emotional adjustment in adolescents, particularly when it is perceived as threatening or poorly resolved, or when the adolescent is directly involved in the conflicts. Objectives: The present study analyzed the relationship between interparental conflict, emotion regulation, and happiness in adolescents, compared boys and girls as well as two age groups, and identified the predictors of happiness. Method: The study included 100 adolescents (56 girls, 44 boys) aged 12 to 17 years, who completed three questionnaires assessing the variables under study (Children's Perceptions of Interparental Conflict Scale – CPIC, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire – CERQ, and Subjective Happiness Scale). Results: The results showed that adolescents perceived interparental conflict mainly through perceived threat and triangulation, with low levels of conflict resolution, and tended to rely on adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Happiness was related to emotion regulation, particularly rumination and positive reappraisal, which emerged as the only significant predictors in the regression model, and was also associated with the content of interparental conflicts. No significant differences were found by biological sex or age group. Conclusion: The results suggest that adolescents' happiness is related to how they regulate their emotions and to the nature of their conflicts, which may also be relevant to adolescents' well-being. These findings suggest that it may be important to intervene at the level of adolescents' emotion regulation. This study falls within the scope of the One Health approach, recognizing adolescent health as part of a broader context shaped by interpersonal relationships and the family environment.
- Online grooming, sexting, non-consensual dissemination of intimate images and emotional regulation in adolescentsPublication . Fernandes, Ana Sofia Marques Coelho; Almeida, TelmaBackground: As technology evolves, teenagers are exposed to risky environments, making them more susceptible to online victimization. Online victimization can be perpetrated by adults, particularly through grooming, which may involve sexting. Sexting can be beneficial; however, it can also be used as a form of threat and subsequently disseminated by both the groomer and peers. These types of victimization impact the emotional regulation of adolescents during their developmental process. Objectives: Analyze the relationship between online grooming, sexting, non-consensual dissemination of intimate images (NCDII), and emotional regulation; compare victims and non-victims of online grooming and NCDII regarding experiences of grooming, NCDII, sexting, and emotional regulation; and analyze the predictors of adolescents' emotional regulation strategies. Method: A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitation and Interactions with Adults, the Sexting Questionnaire, the Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images Checklist, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire short version. Results: Positive correlations were found between sexting, grooming, NCDII, and certain emotional regulation strategies. Victims of grooming exhibit higher levels of NCDII, sexting, and certain emotional regulation strategies. Victims of NCDII exhibit higher levels of grooming, sexting, and certain emotional regulation strategies. Age, gender, sexual orientation, and NCDII are predictors of emotional regulation strategies. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the relationship between grooming, sexting, and NCDII and their contribution to adolescents’ emotional regulation, as well as the differences between victim and non-victim groups. It is important to understand how emotional regulation influences vulnerability to technology-facilitated sexual violence, contributing to healthier digital environments and to the promotion of mental health within a One Health framework.
- The link between childhood experiences, personality, intimate partner violence, and non-consensual intimate image-sharingPublication . Pereira, Ana Rita Antunes; Almeida, TelmaIntroduction: Childhood experiences, which include Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs), play a central role in shaping psychological development and interpersonal functioning throughout life. From a One Health perspective, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of individual, relational, and social well-being, it is essential to understand how early family environments influence vulnerability to victimization in adulthood, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and the non-consensual intimate image sharing (NCIIS). This dissertation examines the relationships between ACEs, PCEs, personality traits, and experiences of victimization in adulthood. Methods: The study included a sample of 382 Portuguese adults who completed self-report instruments to assess ACEs, PCEs, personality traits, IPV, and NCIIS. Data were analyzed using correlational analyses, between-group comparisons, and linear regression models to examine associations among variables and identify predictors of personality and victimization. Results: The results consistently show that ACEs are associated with more maladaptive personality profiles, characterized by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. ACEs also emerged as significant risk factors for victimization by IPV and NCIIS, suggesting that early adversity may contribute to greater vulnerability to forms of victimization in adulthood. On the other hand, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may play a protective role, as they are associated with greater emotional stability, higher levels of extraversion and agreeableness, and lower levels of neuroticism, even among individuals exposed to adversity. The results also indicated a significant overlap between different forms of victimization in adulthood, suggesting cumulative and interconnected trajectories of revictimization across the life course. Conclusions: ACEs and PCEs interact in personality development and influence vulnerability to IPV and NCIIS. These results highlight the importance of preventive and intervention strategies that reduce childhood adversity and actively promote positive relational contexts, with potential long-term benefits for mental health.
- Impacto das experiências positivas e adversas da infância na sintomatologia em adultos : estudo comparativo entre a população geral e reclusaPublication . Ferreira, Simone Silvério Pais; Almeida, TelmaIntrodução: As experiências adversas na infância (ACEs) têm sido associadas a diversas consequências negativas para a saúde mental ao longo do ciclo de vida, enquanto as experiências positivas na infância (PCEs) têm sido identificadas como potenciais fatores de proteção. Objetivos: Numa perspetiva One Health, que reconhece a influência dos fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais na saúde e no bem-estar, este estudo analisa a relação entre as ACEs, as PCEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos na idade adulta, compara as populações da comunidade e reclusa relativamente a estas variáveis e identifica os preditores da depressão, ansiedade e stress em cada amostra. Método: A amostra foi composta por 710 participantes do sexo masculino, dos quais 399 pertenciam à população da comunidade e 311 à população reclusa. O protocolo incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Experiências Adversas na Infância (ACE Questionnaire), a Escala de Experiências Benéficas na Infância (BCEs) e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Stress (DASS-21). Resultados: Verificaram-se correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre as ACEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos e correlações negativas estatisticamente significativas entre as PCEs e as ACEs, bem como entre as PCEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos. Comparativamente à população da comunidade, a população reclusa apresentou níveis significativamente superiores de ACEs e inferiores de PCEs. A população reclusa apresentou níveis mais baixos de depressão, ansiedade e stress. Relativamente às análises de regressão, a negligência emocional destacou-se como um dos preditores mais consistentes dos sintomas psicopatológicos, enquanto as PCEs revelaram um efeito protetor, particularmente na amostra da comunidade. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que as experiências vividas na infância constituem fatores relevantes para a compreensão da saúde mental na idade adulta. Destaca-se o papel da negligência emocional como possível fator de vulnerabilidade psicológica e das PCEs como possível fator de proteção, reforçando a importância da prevenção da adversidade infantil e da promoção de experiências positivas no desenvolvimento.