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Impacto das experiências positivas e adversas da infância na sintomatologia em adultos : estudo comparativo entre a população geral e reclusa
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Introdução: As experiências adversas na infância (ACEs) têm sido associadas a diversas consequências negativas para a saúde mental ao longo do ciclo de vida, enquanto as experiências positivas na infância (PCEs) têm sido identificadas como potenciais fatores de proteção.
Objetivos: Numa perspetiva One Health, que reconhece a influência dos fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais na saúde e no bem-estar, este estudo analisa a relação entre as ACEs, as PCEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos na idade adulta, compara as populações da comunidade e reclusa relativamente a estas variáveis e identifica os preditores da depressão, ansiedade e stress em cada amostra.
Método: A amostra foi composta por 710 participantes do sexo masculino, dos quais 399 pertenciam à população da comunidade e 311 à população reclusa. O protocolo incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Experiências Adversas na Infância (ACE Questionnaire), a Escala de Experiências Benéficas na Infância (BCEs) e a Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Stress (DASS-21).
Resultados: Verificaram-se correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre as ACEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos e correlações negativas estatisticamente significativas entre as PCEs e as ACEs, bem como entre as PCEs e os sintomas psicopatológicos. Comparativamente à população da comunidade, a população reclusa apresentou níveis significativamente superiores de ACEs e inferiores de PCEs. A população reclusa apresentou níveis mais baixos de depressão, ansiedade e stress. Relativamente às análises de regressão, a negligência emocional destacou-se como um dos preditores mais consistentes dos sintomas
psicopatológicos, enquanto as PCEs revelaram um efeito protetor, particularmente na amostra da comunidade.
Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que as experiências vividas na infância constituem fatores relevantes para a compreensão da saúde mental na idade adulta. Destaca-se o papel da negligência emocional como possível fator de vulnerabilidade psicológica e das PCEs como possível fator de proteção, reforçando a importância da prevenção da adversidade infantil e da promoção de experiências positivas no desenvolvimento.
Introduction: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes across the lifespan, whereas Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) have been identified as potential protective factors. Objectives: From a One Health perspective, which acknowledges the interconnected influence of individual, social, and environmental factors on health and well-being, this study examines the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs), and psychopathological symptoms in adulthood. It also compares community and incarcerated populations regarding these variables and investigates the predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress within each sample. Method: The sample comprised 710 male participants, including 399 individuals from the community population and 311 individuals from the prison population. The assessment protocol included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE Questionnaire), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: Statistically significant positive correlations were found between ACEs and psychological symptoms, whereas statistically significant negative correlations were observed between BCEs and ACEs, as well as between BCEs and psychological symptoms. Compared to the community population, the prison population reported significantly higher levels of ACEs and lower levels of BCEs. Contrary to expectations, the prison population also presented lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression analyses identified emotional neglect as one of the most consistent predictors of psychological symptoms, while PCEs demonstrated a protective effect, particularly within the community sample. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of childhood experiences in understanding adult mental health. Emotional neglect emerged as a vulnerability factor, whereas PCEs appeared to play a protective role, reinforcing the importance of preventing childhood adversity and promoting positive developmental experiences.
Introduction: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes across the lifespan, whereas Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) have been identified as potential protective factors. Objectives: From a One Health perspective, which acknowledges the interconnected influence of individual, social, and environmental factors on health and well-being, this study examines the associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs), and psychopathological symptoms in adulthood. It also compares community and incarcerated populations regarding these variables and investigates the predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress within each sample. Method: The sample comprised 710 male participants, including 399 individuals from the community population and 311 individuals from the prison population. The assessment protocol included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE Questionnaire), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: Statistically significant positive correlations were found between ACEs and psychological symptoms, whereas statistically significant negative correlations were observed between BCEs and ACEs, as well as between BCEs and psychological symptoms. Compared to the community population, the prison population reported significantly higher levels of ACEs and lower levels of BCEs. Contrary to expectations, the prison population also presented lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression analyses identified emotional neglect as one of the most consistent predictors of psychological symptoms, while PCEs demonstrated a protective effect, particularly within the community sample. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of childhood experiences in understanding adult mental health. Emotional neglect emerged as a vulnerability factor, whereas PCEs appeared to play a protective role, reinforcing the importance of preventing childhood adversity and promoting positive developmental experiences.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Experiências adversas na infância Experiências positivas na infância Ansiedade Depressão Stress População da comunidade População reclusa