UE - PWPD - Artigos em Revistas Científicas
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- Varying Numbers of Players in Small-Sided Soccer Games Modifies Action Opportunities During TrainingPublication . Vilar, LuísABSTRACT This study examined the effects of the numbers of players involved in small-sided team games (underloading and overloading) on opportunities for maintaining ball possession, shooting at goal and passing to teammates during training. These practice constraint manipulations were assumed to alter values of key performance variables identified in previous research, such as interpersonal distances between players and time to intercept shots and passes. Fifteen male soccer players (age: 19.60±1.99 years) were grouped into three teams and played against each other in different versions of small-sided soccer games, in which the number of players was manipulated in three different conditions: 5 vs. 5, 5 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 3. Dependent variables were the values of interpersonal distance between an outfield attacker and nearest defender (ID), and the relative distance of a defender needed to intercept the trajectory of a shot (RDishot) or pass (RDipass). Statistical analyses revealed that mean ID values were significantly lower in 5 vs. 5 than in 5 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 3 conditions, and significantly lower in 5 vs. 4 than 5 vs. 3. They also revealed that mean values of RDishot were significantly higher in 5 vs. 3 than in 5 vs. 5 conditions. Finally, results showed that the mean values of RDipass were significantly higher in 5 vs. 3 than in 5 vs. 5. Findings revealed how task constraints in SSGs can be manipulated to vary values of key spatial and temporal performance variables International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Volume 9 · Number 5 · 2014 1007 Reviewers: Jia Yi Chow (Nangyang Technological University, Singapore) Brian McCormick (University of Utah, USA) (interpersonal distance and time to intercept) to influence the nature of interpersonal interactions between competing players during practice. We observed that these manipulations tended to decrease opportunities for maintaining ball possession during training when equal numbers of attackers and defenders existed in SSGs, and led to more shots and passes emerging when the number of defenders was decreased relative to attackers.
- A Multidimensional Corporate Social Responsibility StudyPublication . Sousa, Maria JoséAbstract This paper intends to contribute to a better understanding of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Portuguese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)1. In the Portuguese context, where SME represent the majority of companies in the country, the social responsibility is many times confused with philanthropy or patronage, being an occasional practice and not aligned with the company‟s business. Some authors question themselves if some types of actions can be called CSR or if they are only to be seen as altruism or even political actions in order to achieve business success. Supported by several case studies in Portuguese SME2, some of the questions that led this research were: Do the SME studied have CSR practices? If so, what kind of practices? Which is the content and scope of these practices? Are they integrated with the SME business strategies?
- CREATING A CULTURE OF INNOVATION TO SUPPORT KEY COMPETENCES DEVELOPMENT IN DIGITAL ECONOMYPublication . Sousa, Maria JoséAbstract This paper presents a study about the innovation culture of a Portuguese SME, which has developed a new service to promote digital economy in Portugal. The research question is: What are the main factors that allow a small organisation to be successful innovating in digital economy? The study was conducted in the Portuguese SME Hi-Media witch culture is characterized by employee’s values – participation and involvement and managers behaviour influencing and promoting innovation and experimentation without risk constraints. It was applied a qualitative research methodology and the main techniques to collect data were document analysis, observation and Interviews based on a questionnaire. The main findings of the study were the acknowledgement of an emerging culture of innovation promoted by the transmission of a vision and a strategic intent by top and middle management with tolerance to risk, mistakes, and failure, the support for intrapreneurs empowering cross-functional teams and creating a strong sense of community. The key implications to practice were the awareness of an existing link with the organisational competencies, the workers know-how and the customer needs, driving to a learning environment where new digital services and products are created. The paper is structured as follows: literature review on innovation concept and innovation culture. It also analyses the origins, obstacles and facilitators of the innovation that promotes digital economy.
- KNOWLEDGE VISION ON FORMALISATION VERSUS TACITNESS OF SHARING KNOWLEDGE IN INNOVATIVE LARGE ORGANISATIONSPublication . Sousa, Maria JoséABSTRACT In the situated learning theory, we disclose the existence of some tensions that may arise from two opposite forces within a context of communities of practice: the need for formalisation (large enterprises) and tacitness (creativity and innovation). Our study focuses on how these tensions are dealt with in a case study of a Portuguese innovative large enterprise that has developed a knowledge strategy over the last decade. The keys for overcoming this risky confrontation are related to a combination of “knowledge vision” and the coordinator and culture roles. A question to be addressed by firms in similar situation is “whoknows- what”, in order to identify the key knowledge that must be transformed from tacit into explicit. This would avoid wasting too many resources on making explicit the wrong tacit knowledge. Further research is required in other firms and contexts, on a still underestimated problem within communities of practice.