Percorrer por autor "Ribeiro, Teresa"
A mostrar 1 - 10 de 46
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- 16 Y-Specific STR Analysis in Human Remains IdentificationPublication . Vieira-Silva, Cláudia; Cruz, C.; Ribeiro, Teresa; Lucas, Isabel; Geada, H.; Espinheira, R.Forensic investigation often requires the use of degraded biological material, especially for determining the identity of human remains. Y-STRs, offer new perspectives for identification and kinship analysis especially on forensic deficiency cases 1 in complement of autosomal STRs. The non-recombining portion of the Y-chromosome is of value providing additional data in paternal lineage identification. The aim was the study of 16 Y-STR loci to perform human remains identification - the minimal Y-STR haplotype - DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS385 – and – GATA A .1(DYS460), GATA A 7.2 (DYS461), GATA C4, GATA H4, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 loci, that are part of the Y-chromosome quality control Group of the Spanish and Portuguese Group (GEPY) of the ISFG. Y-STR typing in degraded biological material has major technical challenges since each sample has unique characteristics. The best results were obtained in autopsy bloodstains may be due to the fact that the autolysis mechanisms are still incipient. Otherwise blood kept at 4º C for more than a year didn’t provide the same good results. Liquid blood samples from deceased individuals may contain porfirinic compounds from hemoglobin, powerful PCR inhibitors difficult to eliminate9. In bone and teeth samples the source of inhibitors may be a high amount of DNA from other micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi which invade bone9 and probably this kind of contaminants can explain some of the results obtained in bones and teeth samples submitted to prolonged humidity, temperature environmental conditions and also adverse soil characteristics. The problem with the studied samples seems not to be DNA quantity but the out-of-control presence of inhibitors that interfere not only with the extraction but also with the amplification process because most of the results were obtained with a dilution of DNA extraction and adding more Taq, sometimes 2 or 3 fold. With these samples, it seems that the success or failure depends on each sample itself and it should be treated individually. The number of distinct factors connected to each sample is difficult to calculate, so it is necessary to make a few attempts in order to have as many results as possible.
- Analysis of 17 STR data on 5362 southern Portuguese individuals—an update on reference databasePublication . Silva, Raquel Cabezas; Ribeiro, Teresa; Lucas, Isabel; Porto, Maria João; Santos, Jorge Costa; Dario, PauloThe main objective of this work consisted of the updating of allele frequencies and other relevant forensic parameters for the 17 autosomal STR loci provided by the combination of the two types of kits used routinely in our laboratory casework: AmpF/STR Identifiler® and the Powerplex® 16 Systems. This aim was of significant importance, given that the last study on these kits within the southern Portuguese population dates back to 2006, and, as a consequence, it was necessary to correct the deviation caused by population evolution over the last ten years so that they might be better applied to our forensic casework. For this reason genetic data from 5362 unrelated Caucasian Portuguese individuals from the south of Portugal who were involved in paternity testing casework from 2005 to 2014 was used. Of all the markers, TPOX proved to be the least polymorphic, and Penta E the most. Secondly, this up-to-date southern Portuguese population was compared not only with the northern and central Portuguese populations, but also with that of southern Portugal in 2006, along with populations from Spain, Italy, Greece, Romania, Morocco, Angola and Korea in order to infer information about the relatedness of these respective populations, and the variation of the southern Portuguese population over time.
- Analysis of 17 STR data on 5362 southern Portuguese individuals-an update on reference databasePublication . Cabezas Silva, Raquel; Ribeiro, Teresa; Lucas, Isabel; Porto, Maria João; Costa Santos, Jorge; Dario, PauloThe main objective of this work consisted of the updating of allele frequencies and other relevant forensic parameters for the 17 autosomal STR loci provided by the combination of the two types of kits used routinely in our laboratory casework: AmpF/STR Identifiler(®) and the Powerplex(®) 16 Systems. This aim was of significant importance, given that the last study on these kits within the southern Portuguese population dates back to 2006, and, as a consequence, it was necessary to correct the deviation caused by population evolution over the last ten years so that they might be better applied to our forensic casework. For this reason genetic data from 5362 unrelated Caucasian Portuguese individuals from the south of Portugal who were involved in paternity testing casework from 2005 to 2014 was used. Of all the markers, TPOX proved to be the least polymorphic, and Penta E the most. Secondly, this up-to-date southern Portuguese population was compared not only with the northern and central Portuguese populations, but also with that of southern Portugal in 2006, along with populations from Spain, Italy, Greece, Romania, Morocco, Angola and Korea in order to infer information about the relatedness of these respective populations, and the variation of the southern Portuguese population over time.
- Analysis of NGM STR loci in South Portuguese PopulationPublication . Ribeiro, Teresa; Dario, Paulo; Vital, Nádia; Sanches, Susana; Espinheira, Rosa; Geada, Helena; Costa Santos, JorgeAllele frequencies and other relevant forensic parameters of 15 loci studied with Applied Biosystems AmpFlSTRs NGM Kit were calculated in a population of individuals residing in the South of Portugal. Blood stain samples were obtained from a total of 350 unrelated individuals involved in paternity testing casework. This new kit has five loci not present in any other kit used in our laboratory (Promega Powerplex 16 System and Applied Biosystems Identifiler Plus): D10S1248, D22S1045, D2S441, D1S1656 and D12S391. The NGM multiplex kit is used in our forensic casework as an auxiliary screening tool to solve deficient casework such as fatherless paternity testing, and to help in paternity investigations with one genetic incompatibility after the routine seventeen loci typing. Furthermore, this five loci included in the European Standard Set are also recommended by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the European DNA Profiling group (EDNAP). These studies are necessary to calculate statistical forensic parameters such as power of discrimination, power of exclusion or minimum allele frequencies. Statistical parameters such as heterozigoty, homozigoty or allele frequencies were determined with Arlequim V3.5 and results compared with the ones reported in previous similar studies. As final remark, is important to remember that this kind of study is highly important for the Forensic Laboratories accreditation achievement
- Aplicação de Y -STRs em casos forensesPublication . Vieira Da Silva, Cláudia; Viriato, Luís; Cruz, Carla; Lucas, Isabel; Ribeiro, TeresaNos últimos anos, o interesse no estudo do cromossoma Y tem aumentado continuamente, como aplicação forense e ao nível do estudo populacional. Os Y-STRs foram introduzidos no Serviço de Genética Forense para resolução de casos complexos, essencialmente de casos com ausência de pretenso pai.Inicialmente foi efectuado um estudo do haplotipo mínimo, constituído pelos sistemas DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 e DYS385. Posteriormente, foram introduzidos os sistemas DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA A 7.1, GATA A 7.2, GATA C4, GATA A10 e GATA H4.Cada indivíduo apresenta a individualização única da sua linha paterna, tendo sido obtidos 71 haplotipos diferentes referentes às 71 amostras analisadas. Foram efectuadas comparações dos haplotipos mínimos (DYS19,389I/II,390,391,392,393,385) com a Base Internacional do Cromossoma Y, não se tendo detectado haplotipos idênticos a algumas das amostras da população portuguesa, o que lhes confere características próprias da sua localização geográfica Apesar da ocorrência de possíveis mutações ao nível dos Y-STRs, esta metodologia é muito útil para a resolução de casos complexos de investigação de paternidade
- Aplicação do Powerplex Y System no estudo de casos de agressão sexualPublication . Vieira da Silva, Cláudia; Cruz, C.; Ribeiro, Teresa; Lucas, Isabel; Espinheira, R.O cromossoma Y é especificamente masculino, haploide e transmitido de pai para filho sem alterações, a menos que tenham ocorrido mutações A maior vantagem do estudo dos STRs do cromossoma Y, em contraste com os STRs autossómicos é a amplificação selectiva do ADN masculino. Os STRs do cromossoma Y têm propriedades de utilidade forense especialmente quando aplicados em vestígios biológicos provenientes de casos de agressão sexual, em que um suspeito masculino está envolvido, o que acontece praticamente na totalidade dos casos. Diversas metodologias são aplicadas desde há longa data no estudo de vestígios biológicos provenientes de agressões sexuais, como a pesquisa de espermatozóides, a pesquisa de esperma pela reacção de Fosfatase Ácida e o estudo do gene homólogo da Amelogenina Da amplificação desta região dos cromossomas sexuais resultam fragmentos com 106 pb do cromossoma X e 112 pb do cromossoma Y, mas, se o material biológico feminino estiver em muito maior quantidade que o masculino, ao realizar o estudo da Amelogenina pode ser difícil detectar o cromossoma Y. Neste estudo com aplicação do Powerplex® Y System detecta se de forma inequívoca a presença de material genético de origem masculina, obtendo se um perfil genético ou haplotipo que poderá ser comparado com o dos suspeitos. Este kit está comercialmente disponível e validado e permite a amplificação simultânea de 12 Y STRs DYS 19 DYS 385 a/b, DYS 389 I, DYS 389 II, DYS 390 DYS 391 DYS 392 DYS 393 DYS 437 DYS 438 DYS 439.Nos casos de agressão sexual, o ADN autossómico do agressor pode surgir mascarado com o da vítima conduzindo a uma “sobrerepresentação”do perfil genético da mesma Q uando os vestígios biológicos do agressor estão presentes em muito pequena quantidade e os resultados da fosfatase ácida para pesquisa de esperma são negativos, a pesquisa de Y STRs pode ser um complemento fundamental para a prova de que existe nas amostras estudadas material genético de origem masculina . A pesquisa de Amelogenina pode não ser a forma mais eficiente de comprovar a presença de material biológico masculino Nos casos em que a presença de material biológico masculino é escasso comparativamente ao da vítima (figura 2 ou quando ocorre delecção no gene da Amelogenina do cromossoma Y do agressor, este pode não ser detectado na análise de fragmentos, Nos casos em que se pode comparar o perfil genético das amostras com o perfil do suspeito, o estudo dos STRs autossómicos pode ser difícil de interpretar numa mistura de material biológico, sobretudo se estiver envolvido mais do que um suspeito O estudo dos Y STRs nestas amostras permite excluir imediatamente o(s) suspeito(s) se o perfil genético ou haplótipo não for coincidente. Se ocorrer coincidência dos resultados os restantes membros da mesma linha paterna não podem ser excluídos .Quando a vítima é um indivíduo do sexo masculino os resultados obtidos também são válidos, sendo possível identificar o perfil genético do agressor conhecendo o perfil genético da vítima, desde que não pertençam à mesma linha paterna.O Kit Powerplex®Y system poderá ser uma ferramenta muito útil para detectar quantidades mínimas de ADN masculino nas amostras recomendando se a sua utilização nos casos de agressão.
- Assessment of IrisPlex-based multiplex for eye and skin color prediction with application to a Portuguese populationPublication . Dario, Paulo; Mouriño, Helena; Oliveira, Ana Rita; Lucas, Isabel; Ribeiro, Teresa; Porto, Maria João; Santos, Jorge Costa; Dias, Deodália; Real, Francisco Corte"DNA phenotyping research is one of the most emergent areas of forensic genetics. Predictions of externally visible characteristics are possible through analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms. These tools can provide police with “intelligence” in cases where there are no obvious suspects and unknown biological samples found at the crime scene do not result in any criminal DNA database hits. IrisPlex, an eye color prediction assay, revealed high prediction rates for blue and brown eye color in European populations. However, this is less predictive in some non-European populations, probably due to admixing. When compared to other European countries, Portugal has a relatively admixed population, resulting from a genetic influx derived from its proximity to and historical relations with numerous African territories. The aim of this work was to evaluate the utility of IrisPlex in the Portuguese population. Furthermore, the possibility of supplementing this multiplex with additional markers to also achieve skin color prediction within this population was evaluated. For that, IrisPlex was augmented with additional SNP loci. Eye and skin color prediction was estimated using the multinomial logistic regression and binomial logistic regression models, respectively. The results demonstrated eye color prediction accuracies of the IrisPlex system of 90 and 60 % for brown and blue eye color, respectively, and 77 % for intermediate eye color, after allele frequency adjustment. With regard to skin color, it was possible to achieve a prediction accuracy of 93 %. In the future, phenotypic determination multiplexes must include additional loci to permit skin color prediction as presented in this study as this can be an advantageous tool for forensic investigation."
- Avaliação da aplicação do software Euroformix-Casesolver na interpretação e valorização estatística de misturas complexas em casos criminaisPublication . Vieira Da Silva, Cláudia; Ribeiro, Teresa; Amorim, António; Carvalho, MónicaOs Kits comerciais de amplificação de STRs autossómicos para aplicação forense permitem obter informação genética com grandepoder de discriminação. Atualmente os kits mais recentes permitem obter poderes de discriminação que variam entre 1 x 10E18 (para 15 STRs autossómicos) e 1 x 10E26 (para 21 STRs autossómicos). Um número crescente de loci, contribui para que esse poder de discriminação aumente infinitamente. Por outro lado, os desenvolvimentos ao nível da bioquímica têm resultado na deteção de concentrações muito baixas de ADN, tipicamente descritas como amostras com baixa concentração, e posterior obtenção de perfis genéticos em vestígios biológicos, onde há pouco tempo atrás era quase impossível obter esses resultados. A obtenção de perfis genéticos, não pode ser dissociada da valorização estatística da respetiva prova pericial. Existem alguns softwares estatísticos disponíveis, entre os quais o “Euroformix-casesolver” e o LRMix, com modelos de cálculo distintos com aplicação na avaliação estatística dos casos criminais. A principal vantagem do “Euroformix-casesolver”, comparativamente aos softwares disponíveis, consiste na utilização da informação relativamente à intensidade de sinal do produto amplificado (altura em RFUs) e deste modo permite introduzir no cálculo a informação desta variável, avaliada até à presente data, de forma qualitativa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a comparação de resultados de valorização da prova em casos forenses complexos com o Euroformix – Casesolver e LRMIX Studio. Foram selecionados três perfis genéticos de mistura, provenientes de casos complexos de investigação criminal com perfis genéticos de vítima e suspeito. Pretende-se efetivamente demonstrar que o “Euroformix-Casesolver” é uma ferramenta de cálculo muito eficaz e adequada para aplicação nos casos criminais forenses, sobretudo nos casos de misturas complexas em particular os que envolvem familiares.
- Biological Evidences and Sexual Assault in Forensic MedicinePublication . Vieira, Claudia; Lucas, Isabel; Ribeiro, Teresa; Costa Santos, J.; Espinheira, RosaIntroduction Sexual assault crimes are ubiquitous; usually unwitnessed, so victim’s statements may be the only direct evidence that it has occurred. Medical examination and biological samples collection are of inequivocal importance. Presence of spermatozoa in smears, elevated acid phosphatase and the presence of Y-STR profiler in the victim’s evidence’s, could be crucial to corroborate victim’s testimony. The Y chromosome is far the most important scientific evidence, not only due to it’s gender specificity and easy amplification in a male/female mixtures, but also because it can easily contribute for the number of unrelated male contributor’s estimation in an biological evidence. The aim of this study is to ascertain a few characteristics concerning sexual harassment and a Y-haplotype profile obtention, which may help to prove or disprove a link between individuals and objects or places. Methodology Biological samples from 782 sexual assault cases were studied. Glass slide vaginal and anal smears were stained with Papanicolau’s and Harris Hematoxilin Solution. For the phosphatase test, a commercially available test paper strip was used (Phosphatesmo KM). DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform method and PCR amplification was performed with Powerplex® Y (Promega) or AmpF1STR Y-Filer (Applied Biosystems). Fragment analysis was done by capillary electrophoresis in an ABI 3130xl. Laboratory results were compared with other data such as, victim age, alleged assailant number, time between the act and collection of biological samples. Significant variables were entered in a logistic regression model using SPSS 17.0 for data analysis. Results and conclusion Descriptive analysis reveals that victim’s age varies between 1 to 90 years old, but almost 20% were under 12 years old. Almost 87% of cases had one perpetrator. Only 10% of the victim’s declared that they had consent sexual intercourse, in the previous 48 hours and 32% take a bath before the exam. Another variable studied was the mean time of 15 hours between the act and biological sample collection. Logistic regression demonstrates that the last two variables are of considerable importance in Y-profile obtention. Concerning acid phosphatase results a male genetic identification was obtained in 12,5 % of the negative cases. In conclusion, Y-STRs study, due to their sensitivity and specificity, should be used in every sexual assault cases, contributing to the final identification of perpetrator’s, and corroborating the victim’s story.
- Characterization of GlobalFiler loci in Angolan and Guinean populations inhabiting Southern PortugalPublication . Guerreiro, Soraia; Ribeiro, Teresa; Porto, Maria João; Carneiro De Sousa Pinto Costa, Maria José; Dario, PauloWe analyzed the GlobalFiler short tandem repeat (STR) loci for 152 and 70 unrelated individuals from Angolan and Guinean immigrant populations inhabiting Southern Portugal, respectively. After Bonferroni correction, no significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were detected for either population. For the Angolan population, SE33 was the most informative marker. In contrast, D5S818 and D13S317 were the least informative loci. The combined power of discrimination was 99.9999999999999999999999961907%. For the Guinean population, SE33 and D21S1 were the most informative loci, while D13S317 was the least. The combined power of discrimination was 99.99999999999999999999997915%. No significant differences were observed between Angolan, Guinean, and Afro-American populations for any of the analyzed STRs. The South African population presented significant differences at D22S1045 and D10S1248 when compared to Angola, and at D22S1045 when compared to Guinea-Bissau. The MDS plot and neighbor-joining tree analysis revealed that Angolan and Guinean populations are genetically close to African-American and South African populations, and genetically different from Korean, Mexican, European (including American-Caucasian), and Middle Eastern populations.