Percorrer por autor "Pedro, Ana Rita"
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- Do sociodemographic factors influence the levels of health and oral literacy? A cross-sectional studyPublication . Veladas, Francisco Manuel Veigas; Torre Canales, Giancarlo De la; Nobre, Bryanne Brissian de Souza; Escoval, Ana; Pedro, Ana Rita; Almeida, André Mariz de; Assunção, Victor Abreu; Manso, Ana CristinaBackground: Oral health literacy has gained importance in dental literature, and its relationship with oral health status and association with health status (HL) has been reported. Then, an association between the levels of HL and OHL could be expected. This study aimed to assess the levels of HL and OHL according to sociodemographic factors and to explore a possible association between HL and OHL. Methods: The European Health Literacy Survey and Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire were applied to a convenience sample from Portuguese individuals. Also, sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, schooling level of the participants and their parents, and if the participants were professionals or students of the health field were assessed. To analyze the data, the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compared sociodemographic variables and the levels of literacy in general and oral health. The Spearman correlation test assessed the correlation between the levels of HL and OHL. Results: HL results showed that 45.1% of the volunteers were considered in a “problematic level” and 10.3% in “excellent level”. However, 75% presented an adequate level of OHL. Regarding the levels of HL in each sociodemographic variable, significant higher levels of “excellent level” were found in health professionals and students when compared with participants not related to health area (p < 0.001). Comparisons between the levels of OHL in each sociodemographic variable showed, significant differences regarding sex (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.001), levels of schooling of the participants and their parents (p < 0.009 and p < 0.001) and relationship with health field. (p < 0.001). A significant positive – weak correlation was found between HL and OHL (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HL and OHL levels are associated and could be influenced by sociodemographic factors.
- Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in PortugalPublication . Gama, Ana; Pedro, Ana Rita; Carvalho, Maria João Leote de; Guerreiro, Ana Esteves; Duarte, Vera; Quintas, Jorge; Matias, Andreia; Keygnaert, Ines; Dias, SóniaThe measures implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic led populations to confinement at home, with increased risk of domestic violence due to extended shared time between victims and offenders. Evidence on domestic violence in times of pandemic is lacking. This study examines the occurrence of domestic violence, associated factors and help seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in Portugal between April and October 2020 by NOVA National School of Public Health. The survey was disseminated through partner networks, media, and institutions working within the scope of violence. Data were collected on the experience of domestic violence, and help seeking during the pandemic. In a total of 1,062 respondents, 146 (13.7%) reported having suffered domestic violence during the pandemic, including psychological (13.0%, n = 138), sexual (1.0%, n = 11), and physical (0.9%, n = 10) abuse. Overall, the lower the age, the more the reported domestic violence. Also, a higher proportion of participants who perceived difficulties to make ends meet during the pandemic reported domestic violence. Differences between women and men and across educational levels on reported domestic violence were not statistically significant. Bivariate logistic analyses showed that, among women, reported domestic violence was more likely among those with up to secondary education compared to higher education. Most of the victims did not seek help (62.3%), the main reasons being considering it unnecessary, that help would not change anything, and feeling embarrassed about what had happened. Only 4.3% of the victims sought police help. The most common reasons for not coming forward to form a complaint were considering the abuse was not severe and believing the police would not do anything. Our findings indicate that domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic was experienced by both sexes and across different age groups. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for victims of domestic violence to be applied to pandemic contexts, especially targeting those in more vulnerable situations and potentially underserved.
- Effects of economic recession on elderly patients’ perceptions of access to health care and medicines in PortugalPublication . Costa, Filipa Alves da; Teixeira, Inês; Duarte-Ramos, Filipa; Proença, Luís; Pedro, Ana Rita; Furtado, Cristina; Silva, José Aranda da; Cabrita, José"Background: In view of the current financial and demographic situation in Portugal, accessibility to health care may be affected, including the ability to adhere to medication. Objective: To evaluate the perceived effects of the crisis on elderly patient’s access to medicines and medical care, and its implications on medicine-taking behaviour. Setting Community pharmacy. Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken during April 2013, where elderly patients answered a self-administered questionnaire based on their health-related experiences in the current and previous year. Binary logistic regression was used to ascertain the effects of potential predictors on the likelihood of adherence. Main outcome measures self-reported adherence. Results: A total of 1231 questionnaires were collected. 27.3% of patients had stopped using treatments or health services in the previous year for financial motives; mostly private medical appointments, followed by dentist appointments. Almost 30% of patients stopped purchasing prescribed medicines. Over 20% of patients reduced their use of public services. Out-of-pocket expenses with medicines were considered higher in the current year by 40.1% of patients. The most common strategy developed to cope with increasing costs of medicines was generic substitution, but around 15% of patients also stopped taking their medication or started saving by increasing the interdose interval. Conclusion: Reports of decreasing costs with medicines was associated with a decreased likelihood of adherence (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27–0.65). Lower perceived health status and having 3 or more co-morbidities were associated with lower odds of adhering, whilst less frequent medical appointments was associated with a higher likelihood of exhibiting adherence."
- Primary non-adherence in Portugal: findings and implicationsPublication . Costa, Filipa Alves da; Pedro, Ana Rita; Teixeira, Inês; Bragança, Fátima; Silva, José Aranda da; Cabrita, José"Background: Portugal is currently facing a serious economic and financial crisis, which is dictating some important changes in the health care sector. Some of these measures may potentially influence patients’ access to medication and consequently adherence, which will ultimately impact on health status, especially in chronic patients. Aims: This study aimed at providing a snapshot of adherence in patients with chronic conditions in Portugal between March and April 2012. Setting: Community pharmacy in Portugal Method: A cross-sectional pilot study was undertaken, where patients were recruited via community pharmacies to a questionnaire study evaluating the number of prescribed and purchased drugs and, when these figures were inconsistent, the reasons for this. Main outcome measures: Primary and secondary adherence measures. Failing to purchase prescription items was categorized as primary nonadherence. Secondary nonadherence was attributed to purchasing prescription items, but not taking medicines as prescribed. Results: Data were collected from 375 patients. Primary nonadherence was identified in 22.8% of patients. Regardless of the underlying condition, the most commonly reported reason for primary non-adherence was having spare medicines at home (“left-overs”), followed by financial problems. The latter appeared to be related to the class of medicines prescribed. Primary non-adherence was associated with low income (<475 €/month; p=0.026). Secondary non-adherence, assessed by the 7-MMAS was detected in over 50% of all patients, where unintentional nonadherence was higher than intentional nonadherence across all disease conditions. Conclusion: This study revealed that more than one fifth of chronic medication users report primary nonadherence (22.8%) and more than 50% report secondary nonadherence. Data indicates that the existence of spare medicines and financial constraints occurred were the two most frequent reasons cited for nonadherence (47,6-64,8% and 19-45.5%, depending on the major underlying condition, respectively)."