Percorrer por autor "Leira, Yago"
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- Association between periodontitis and high blood pressure: results from the study of periodontal health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS)Publication . Machado, Vanessa; Aguilera, Eva Muñoz; Botelho, João; Hussain, Syed Basit; Leira, Yago; Proença, Luís; D’Aiuto, Francesco; Mendes, José JoãoPeriodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease which could have an important impact on blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to explore (a) the association between periodontal health and BP in a large representative cohort, (b) the predictive value of diagnosis of periodontitis in undiagnosed raised BP and (c) whether age is a mediator of this relationship. In total, 1057 randomly recruited individuals (mean age, 60.9 ± 16.3 years, 57.7% women) underwent periodontal clinical assessment and one-single BP measurement using an automated sphygmomanometer device. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the odds of hypertension based on periodontitis case definitions. Mediation analysis was performed to understand the effect of age on the association of periodontitis with hypertension. Adjusted logistic model for gender, smoking habits and body mass index confirmed the association between high BP and periodontitis (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.75–3.04, p < 0.001). Among 168 participants with undiagnosed high BP (15.9% of the study sample), 62.5% had periodontitis (n = 105). In this study, the association between periodontitis with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) (77.6%, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (66.0%, p < 0.001) was mediated by age. Periodontitis is closely linked to BP in a representative Portuguese population.
- Association between periodontitis and peripheral markers of innate immunity activation and inflammationPublication . Dopico, José; Botelho, João; Ouro, Alberto; Domínguez, Clara; Machado, Vanessa; Aramburu-Nuñez, Marta; Custodia, Antía; Blanco, Teresa; Vázquez-Reza, María; Romaus-Sanjurjo, Daniel; Blanco, Juan; Leira, Rogelio; Sobrino, Tomás; Leira, YagoBackground: Immune response leading to increased systemic inflammation is one of the mechanisms linking periodontitis to chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in monocytes and neutrophils (TLR2M, TLR2N, TLR4M, and TLR4N) and its endogenous ligands (cellular fibronectin [cFN] and heat shock protein 60 [HSP60]) in patients with and without periodontitis. Additionally, the relationship between cFN and HSP60 expression with innate immunity activation and systemic inflammatory response (interleukin 6 [IL-6]) was also evaluated. Methods: A case-controlled study was designed in which 30 patients with periodontitis (cases) and 30 age- and sex-matched participants without periodontitis (controls) were included. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine: (1) expression of TLR2N, TLR2M, TLR4N, and TLR4M by flow cytometry; and (2) serum concentrations of cFN, HSP60, and IL-6 by ELISA technique. Results: Expression of TLR2M (411.5 [314.2, 460.0] vs. 236.5 [204.0, 333.0] AFU), TLR2N (387.0 [332.0, 545.5] vs 230.0 [166.2, 277.7] AFU), TLR4M (2478.5 [1762.2, 2828.0] vs 1705.0 [1274.5, 1951.2] AFU), and TLR4N (2791.0 [2306.7, 3226.2] vs. 1866.0 [1547.5, 2687.2] AFU) as well as serum levels of cFN (301.1 [222.2, 410.9] vs. 156.4 [115.3, 194.0] ng/ml) and IL-6 (10.4 [6.5, 11.5] vs. 3.5 [2.6, 4.9] pg/ml) were significantly higher in periodontitis patients than those without periodontitis. A positive association was found between periodontitis and cFN (odds ratio [OR] = 1.028, p < 0.001), TLR2N (OR = 1.026, p < 0.001), TLR4M (OR = 1.001, p = 0.002), and IL-6 (OR = 1.774, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Periodontitis patients exhibited high expression of TLRs, cFN, and IL-6.
- Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression : contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationshipPublication . Carballo, Álvaro; López-Dequidt, Iria; Custodia, Antía; Botelho, João; Aramburu-Núñez, Marta; Machado, Vanessa; Pías-Peleteiro, Juan Manuel; Ouro, Alberto; Romaus-Sanjurjo, Daniel; Vázquez-Vázquez, Laura; Jiménez-Martín, Isabel; Aguiar, Pablo; Rodríguez-Yáñez, Manuel; Aldrey, José Manuel; Blanco, Juan; Castillo, José; Sobrino, Tomás; Leira, YagoAim: To assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods: Data from a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. All of them received a full-mouth periodontal examination and cognitive function assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Plasma levels of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-40, Aβ1-42, phosphorylated and total Tau (p-Tau and t-Tau) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Results: Periodontitis was associated with poor cognitive performance (MMSE: β = −1.5 [0.6]) and progression of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.1). Subjects with periodontitis showed greater baseline levels of p-Tau (1.6 [0.7] vs. 1.2 [0.2] pg/mL, p < .001) and Aβ1-40 (242.1 [77.3] vs. 208.2 [73.8] pg/mL, p = .036) compared with those without periodontitis. Concentrations of the latter protein also increased over time only in the periodontitis group (p = .005). Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression in elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension. Overexpression of p-Tau and Aβ1-40 may play a role in this association.
- Network protein interaction in the link between stroke and periodontitis interplay : a pilot bioinformatic analysisPublication . Leira, Yago; Mascarenhas, Paulo; Blanco, Juan; Sobrino, Tomás; Mendes, José João; Machado, Vanessa; Botelho, JoãoThe clinical interaction between stroke and periodontitis has been consistently studied and confirmed. Hence, exploring potentially new protein interactions in this association using bioinformatic strategies presents potential interest. In this exploratory study, we conducted a protein–protein network interaction (PPI) search with documented encoded proteins for both stroke and periodontitis. Genes of interest were collected via GWAS database. The STRING database was used to predict the PPI networks, first in a sensitivity purpose (confidence cut-off of 0.7), and then with a highest confidence cut-off (0.9). Genes over-representation was inspected in the final network. As a result, we foresee a prospective protein network of interaction between stroke and periodontitis. Inflammation, pro-coagulant/pro-thrombotic state and, ultimately, atheroma plaque rupture is the main biological mechanism derived from the network. These pilot results may pave the way to future molecular and therapeutic studies to further comprehend the mechanisms between these two conditions.
- Periodontal inflamed surface area mediates the link between homocysteine and blood pressurePublication . Botelho, João; Machado, Vanessa; Leira, Yago; Proença, Luís; Mendes, José JoãoHere, we assess the association between homocysteine (Hcy) serum levels and periodontal status in a large representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using the 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 NHANES databases, participants with a periodontal examination, medical self-reported data, blood pressure (BP) and blood samples to determine complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Hcy levels. We then calculated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and the periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA). Multivariable regression analysis explored the association between Hcy, periodontal measures and BP. Mediation analysis was performed to understand the effect of PISA and PESA in the link between Hcy and BP. 4021 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Hcy levels showed significant correlations with systolic BP, diastolic BP, PISA, PESA and age. PESA showed to be significantly associated with Hcy both for the crude and adjusted models (p < 0.01), but not PISA (p > 0.05). In the association of Hcy with systolic BP, PISA significantly mediated 17.4% and PESA 0.9%. In the association of Hcy with diastolic BP, PISA significantly mediated 16.3% and PESA 47.2%. In conclusion, Hcy and periodontitis are associated. Further, both PISA and PESA significantly mediated the association of Hcy with systolic BP and diastolic BP. Future studies shall deepen the mechanisms by which Hcy levels increase in a clinical situation of periodontitis.
- The role of inflammatory diet and vitamin D on the link between periodontitis and cognitive function : a mediation analysis in older adultsPublication . Botelho, João; Leira, Yago; Viana, João; Machado, Vanessa; Lyra, Patrícia; Aldrey, José Manuel; Pías-Peleteiro, Juan Manuel; Blanco, Juan; Sobrino, Tomás; Mendes, José JoãoPatients suffering from periodontitis are at a higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. However, the mediation effect of an inflammatory diet and serum vitamin D levels in this link is unclear. In total, 2062 participants aged 60 years or older with complete periodontal diagnosis and cognitive tests from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 were enrolled. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) word learning subtest (WLT) and CERAD delayed recall test (DRT), the animal fluency test (AFT) and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) was used. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed via nutrition datasets. Mediation analysis tested the effects of DII and vitamin D levels in the association of mean probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) in all four cognitive tests. Periodontitis patients obtained worse cognitive test scores than periodontally healthy individuals. DII was negatively associated with CERAD-WLT, CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST, and was estimated to mediate between 9.2% and 36.4% of the total association between periodontitis with cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). Vitamin D showed a weak association between CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST and was estimated to between 8.1% and 73.2% of the association between periodontitis and cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). The association between periodontitis and impaired cognitive function seems to be mediated both by a proinflammatory dietary load and vitamin D deficiency. Future studies should further explore these mediators in the periodontitis-cognitive decline link.
- An umbrella review of the evidence linking oral health and systemic noncommunicable diseasesPublication . Botelho, João; Mascarenhas, Paulo; Viana, João; Proença, Luís; Orlandi, Marco; Leira, Yago; Chambrone, Leandro; Mendes, José João; Machado, VanessaOral diseases are highly prevalent worldwide. Recent studies have been supporting a potential bidirectional association of oral diseases with systemic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Available evidence supports that people with NCDs have a greater prevalence of oral diseases particularly those with limited ability of oral self-care. Regarding the reverse relationship, the lines of evidence pointing out NCDs as putative risk factors for oral diseases have increased significantly but not with a consistent agreement. This umbrella review of meta-analyses appraises the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between oral health and systemic health (registered at PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022300740). An extensive search included systematic reviews that have provided meta-analytic estimates on the association of oral diseases with NCDs. The overall strength of evidence was found to be unfavorable and with methodological inconsistencies. Twenty-eight NCDs were strongly associated with oral diseases. Among those NCDs are five types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, depression, neurodegenerative conditions, rheumatic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, gastric helicobacter pylori, obesity, and asthma. According to fail-safe number statistics, the evidence levels are unlikely to change in the future, indicating a fairly robust consistency.