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Anestesia em medicina dentária : novas tecnologias e abordagens farmacológicas
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Abstract(s)
A anestesia desempenha um papel crucial na Medicina Dentária, proporcionando conforto e segurança aos pacientes durante procedimentos clínicos. No entanto, a utilização convencional da anestesia não está isenta de desafios. Os pacientes frequentemente enfrentam desconforto e ansiedade associados às técnicas convencionais, destacando a necessidade inerente de avanços na área.
A descoberta da anestesia ocorreu há aproximadamente 180 anos, possibilitando, a partir desse marco, a realização de tratamentos médico-dentários sem causar dor. Existem dois tipos principais: anestesia local e geral, bem como técnicas complementares como a sedação consciente. A anestesia local é a mais frequente na Medicina Dentária, sendo que existe uma ampla variedade de técnicas e fármacos disponíveis para a sua aplicação.
Num cenário de avanços na anestesia em Medicina Dentária, diversas abordagens inovadoras têm sido investigadas, como o controlo computadorizado, sistemas vibrotáteis e de anestesia intraóssea, visando maior conforto durante os procedimentos dentários. Foram realizados estudos que destacam os benefícios potenciais na redução da ansiedade e melhoria da experiência do paciente ao utilizar um sistema sem agulhas em comparação com as técnicas tradicionais, enfatizando a relevância da anestesia sem a utilização de agulhas.
Nesse âmbito, soluções inovadoras de anestésicos tópicos têm demonstrado eficácia na redução da dor, especialmente em crianças, contribuindo para experiências mais positivas em clínica. A iontoforese representa um potencial de inovação na aplicação de medicamentos na cavidade oral, ampliando as perspetivas sobre a administração de anestesia oral. Também a crioterapia, os sistemas de injeção a jato e a utilização de spray nasal anestésico representam alternativas com viabilidade para a anestesia sem a utilização de agulhas, cuja premissa é sempre melhorar o conforto do paciente e consequentemente a sua adesão ao plano de tratamento proposto pelo médico dentista.
Anesthesia plays a crucial role in Dentistry, providing comfort and safety to patients during clinical procedures. However, the conventional use of anesthesia is not without challenges. Patients often face discomfort and anxiety associated with conventional techniques, highlighting the inherent need for advances in the field. The discovery of anesthesia occurred approximately 180 years ago, enabling medical and dental treatments to be performed without causing pain. There are two main types: local and general anesthesia, as well as complementary techniques such as conscious sedation. Local anesthesia is the most common in Dentistry, with a wide variety of techniques and drugs available for its application. In a scenario of advancements in dental anesthesia, various innovative approaches have been investigated, such as computer-controlled systems, vibrotactile systems, and intraosseous anesthesia, aiming for greater comfort during dental procedures. Studies have been conducted highlighting the potential benefits in reducing anxiety and improving patient experience by using a needle-free system compared to traditional techniques, emphasizing the relevance of needle-free anesthesia. In this context, innovative formulations of topical anesthetics have shown efficacy in reducing pain, especially in children, contributing to more positive clinical experiences. Iontophoresis represents a potential innovation in the application of medications in the oral cavity, expanding the perspectives on oral anesthesia administration. Additionally, cryotherapy, jet injection systems, and the use of anesthetic nasal sprays represent viable alternatives for needle-free anesthesia, whose premise is always to improve patient comfort and consequently their adherence to the treatment plan proposed by the dentist.
Anesthesia plays a crucial role in Dentistry, providing comfort and safety to patients during clinical procedures. However, the conventional use of anesthesia is not without challenges. Patients often face discomfort and anxiety associated with conventional techniques, highlighting the inherent need for advances in the field. The discovery of anesthesia occurred approximately 180 years ago, enabling medical and dental treatments to be performed without causing pain. There are two main types: local and general anesthesia, as well as complementary techniques such as conscious sedation. Local anesthesia is the most common in Dentistry, with a wide variety of techniques and drugs available for its application. In a scenario of advancements in dental anesthesia, various innovative approaches have been investigated, such as computer-controlled systems, vibrotactile systems, and intraosseous anesthesia, aiming for greater comfort during dental procedures. Studies have been conducted highlighting the potential benefits in reducing anxiety and improving patient experience by using a needle-free system compared to traditional techniques, emphasizing the relevance of needle-free anesthesia. In this context, innovative formulations of topical anesthetics have shown efficacy in reducing pain, especially in children, contributing to more positive clinical experiences. Iontophoresis represents a potential innovation in the application of medications in the oral cavity, expanding the perspectives on oral anesthesia administration. Additionally, cryotherapy, jet injection systems, and the use of anesthetic nasal sprays represent viable alternatives for needle-free anesthesia, whose premise is always to improve patient comfort and consequently their adherence to the treatment plan proposed by the dentist.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Agulha Anestesia Dor Novas Tecnologias