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Publication
Novichok(s) : um desafio à Convenção para a Proibição de Armas Químicas
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 28.44 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 25.84 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
As armas químicas acompanham a História da Humanidade desde há muitos séculos.
Contudo, o auge da sua produção, desenvolvimento e utilização foi no século XX, quando a
capacidade tecnológica e o conhecimento científico assim o permitiram. A entrada em vigor
da Convenção para a Proibição de Armas Químicas, nos anos 90, trouxe consigo medidas de
desarmamento, não-proliferação e verificação que, de certa forma, controlaram esta ameaça.
Todavia, no século XXI, o mundo assistiu a vários envenenamentos com recurso a compostos
químicos “novos”, designados genericamente por “Novichok(s)”. Apesar da sua existência
ser conhecida, a história e informação acerca destes compostos químicos está envolta em
incerteza, dado o secretismo associado ao programa de desenvolvimento e produção das
respetivas armas. O seu emprego levou, pela primeira vez na história, à atualização da
Convenção, 22 anos depois da sua entrada em vigor, através da inclusão destes compostos
nas listas de verificação. Os eventos associados com esta classe de agentes vieram reafirmar a
necessidade de manter o controlo sobre as armas químicas, conseguido através da robustez,
amplitude e versatilidade da Convenção para a Proibição de Armas Químicas.
Chemical weapons have been a part of human history for many centuries. However, the pinnacle of their production, development and use was in the 20th century, as new technological and scientific discoveries were made. The disarmament, non-proliferation and verification measures implemented due to the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in the 1990s kept the threat somewhat under control. However, in the 21st century, the world witnessed several poisonings using “novel” chemical compounds commonly known as ‘Novichok(s)’. While the world may be aware that these chemical compounds exist, their history and properties are uncertain due to the secrecy of their development and weaponization programmes. The use of these agents led to the first amendment to the Chemical Weapons Convention, 22 years after it entered into force, to add them to the Convention’s verification lists. The events in which these agents were used confirm the need to keep chemical weapons under strict control. This can be achieved by a continuous and thorough implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, a robust, broad and versatile treaty
Chemical weapons have been a part of human history for many centuries. However, the pinnacle of their production, development and use was in the 20th century, as new technological and scientific discoveries were made. The disarmament, non-proliferation and verification measures implemented due to the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in the 1990s kept the threat somewhat under control. However, in the 21st century, the world witnessed several poisonings using “novel” chemical compounds commonly known as ‘Novichok(s)’. While the world may be aware that these chemical compounds exist, their history and properties are uncertain due to the secrecy of their development and weaponization programmes. The use of these agents led to the first amendment to the Chemical Weapons Convention, 22 years after it entered into force, to add them to the Convention’s verification lists. The events in which these agents were used confirm the need to keep chemical weapons under strict control. This can be achieved by a continuous and thorough implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, a robust, broad and versatile treaty
Description
Keywords
Novichok Armas químicas Convenção para a Proibição de Armas Químicas Chemical weapons Chemical Weapons Convention