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O papel do instrumento militar no Smart Power
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Abstract(s)
O poder militar, associado à coerção e dissuasão, é a forma mais antiga de poder e apesar do
seu emprego ter diminuído face ao passado, continua a ser um importante recurso, pois a sua
existência gera segurança. Com a globalização e no decurso da evolução tecnológica, científica
e informacional surgiram novas ameaças transnacionais das quais se destaca o terrorismo e o
ciberterrorismo, cuja resolução implica uma abordagem holística, designada de Smart Power
que utiliza um forte instrumento militar, mas também investe na diplomacia e instituições,
possibilitando a delineação de estratégias integradas e eficazes. Este conceito, desenvolvido
pelos estadunidenses, foi refletido no novo conceito estratégico da Aliança através da mudança
de paradigma do exercício do instrumento militar de comando para cooperação, evidente
nas Peace Support Operations e nas operações humanitárias. Surge a diplomacia militar que
altera a visão deste recurso como um mero instrumento de guerra, não obstante a permanência
da sua presença dissuasora. Assim, o conceito de Smart Power está a ser absorvido pelo
instrumento militar, mascarando o seu poder coercivo e servindo, simultaneamente, de apoio
a outros recursos intangíveis, demonstrando a alteração do papel do instrumento militar no
Sistema Internacional.
Military power coupled with coercion and deterrence is the oldest form of power. However, despite its coercive use having decreased over the years, it is still an important resource because it generates security. But with the phenomenon of globalisation and the technological, scientific and informational developments came new transnational threats, especially terrorism and cyberterrorism, the resolution of which requires a holistic approach known as Smart Power. Smart Power requires a strong military instrument but also relies on diplomacy and institutions, enabling the delineation of integrated, effective strategies. The concept was developed by the US, and was reflected in the Alliance’s new strategic concept in the paradigm shift in the employment of the military instrument from command to cooperation, as its involvement in Peace Support Operations and humanitarian operations demonstrates. This was the beginning of military diplomacy, which challenges the idea that military resources are solely an instrument of war, although they are still used as a deterrent. Thus, the concept of Smart Power is being absorbed by the military, concealing the latter’s coercive power and simultaneously providing support to intangible assets, which shows the changing role of Military Power in the International System.
Military power coupled with coercion and deterrence is the oldest form of power. However, despite its coercive use having decreased over the years, it is still an important resource because it generates security. But with the phenomenon of globalisation and the technological, scientific and informational developments came new transnational threats, especially terrorism and cyberterrorism, the resolution of which requires a holistic approach known as Smart Power. Smart Power requires a strong military instrument but also relies on diplomacy and institutions, enabling the delineation of integrated, effective strategies. The concept was developed by the US, and was reflected in the Alliance’s new strategic concept in the paradigm shift in the employment of the military instrument from command to cooperation, as its involvement in Peace Support Operations and humanitarian operations demonstrates. This was the beginning of military diplomacy, which challenges the idea that military resources are solely an instrument of war, although they are still used as a deterrent. Thus, the concept of Smart Power is being absorbed by the military, concealing the latter’s coercive power and simultaneously providing support to intangible assets, which shows the changing role of Military Power in the International System.
Description
Keywords
Instrumento militar Diplomacia militar Hard power Smart Power Soft power Military instrument Military diplomacy