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Publication
VULNERABILIDADES DO CONCELHO DE OLHÃO FACE À OCORRÊNCIA DE TSUNAMIS
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.99 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A região do Algarve foi atingida por dois grandes tsunamis nos anos de 1722 e
1755. Estes dois eventos foram responsáveis por elevados impactos nesta região,
tendo o tsunami de 1755 provocado cerca de 1 000 mortos. Tendo em conta estes
eventos, foi desenvolvido um estudo no concelho de Olhão para se identificarem os
elementos em perigo e estudar as vulnerabilidades de estruturas e da população face à
ocorrência de um tsunami. Consideraram-se cinco cenários de inundação por tsunamis
(cotas de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 metros) que em conjunto com um modelo digital do terreno
permitiu identificar e estudar as vulnerabilidades do concelho face a este tipo de
perigo. Para o cenário menos grave, em que se considera que um tsunami inunda as
áreas até à cota dos 2 m, e para o pior cenário (10 m) foram identificados 1 388
edifícios e 8 340 edifícios localizados em das áreas de inundação por tsunamis. Estimase
que para o cenário de 2 m e de 10 m possam existir 1 275 e 27 248 residentes
localizados em áreas suscetíveis de inundação por tsunamis e que necessitem de ser
evacuados para zonas mais seguras. Para um cenário de inundação até à cota de 4 m, a
coordenação e gestão da emergência do Município de Olhão poderá ficar
comprometida já que a Câmara Municipal poderá ficar inundada. Relativamente aos
serviços afetos à saúde é de salientar que o Centro de Saúde de Olhão não deverá ser
inundado por nenhum dos cenários considerados. Para o cenário de 2 m identificou-se
uma escola primária com 342 alunos e com pré-escolar integrado que poderá ser
inundada. A implementação de um sistema de aviso e alerta, a remoção de entulho, o
estabelecimento de grupos de avaliação da estabilidade dos edifícios com danos e a
logística associada à montagem de campos de desalojados são tarefas que devem ser
devidamente planeadas e articuladas entre os vários níveis de proteção civil. As
vulnerabilidades estruturais e humanas estimadas no presente estudo e os meios que
serão necessários para uma resposta efetiva, indicam que a capacidade de resposta
local poderá não ser suficiente, pelo que a participação dos escalões regional, nacional
e mesmo internacional deverão ser necessários.
Algarve region was hit by two major tsunamis in 1722 and 1755. These two events were responsible for high impacts in this region, and around 1 000 deaths were caused by the 1755´s tsunami. Taking into consideration the occurrence of these events, a study was carried out in the municipality of Olhão to identify the elements in danger and to study the vulnerabilities of structures and the population facing a tsunami. Five tsunami flood scenarios (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 meters elevations) together with a digital terrain model were considered to identify and study the county's vulnerabilities to this type of danger. For the less serious scenario, in which a tsunami would flood areas up to 2 m, and for the worst scenario (up to 10 m), 1 388 buildings and 8 340 buildings would be affected. It was estimated that for the 2 m and 10 m scenarios, 1 275 and 27 248 residents would need to be evacuated to safer areas. For a flood scenario of at least 4 m, the coordination and emergency management of the Municipality of Olhão would be compromised since the City Hall would be flooded. Regarding health services, it should be noted that the Olhão Health Center would not be flooded by any of the scenarios. For the 2 m scenario, a primary school with 342 students and integrated preschool would be flooded. The implementation of a warning system, the removal of the rubble, the establishment of groups to assess the stability of damaged buildings and the logistics, associated with the setting up of evacuation camps, are tasks that must be properly planned and articulated between the various levels of civil protection. The structural and human vulnerabilities estimated in the present study and the means that will be necessary for an effective response, indicate that the capacity of local level will not be sufficient. Therefore, the participation of the regional, national and even international levels will be necessary.
Algarve region was hit by two major tsunamis in 1722 and 1755. These two events were responsible for high impacts in this region, and around 1 000 deaths were caused by the 1755´s tsunami. Taking into consideration the occurrence of these events, a study was carried out in the municipality of Olhão to identify the elements in danger and to study the vulnerabilities of structures and the population facing a tsunami. Five tsunami flood scenarios (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 meters elevations) together with a digital terrain model were considered to identify and study the county's vulnerabilities to this type of danger. For the less serious scenario, in which a tsunami would flood areas up to 2 m, and for the worst scenario (up to 10 m), 1 388 buildings and 8 340 buildings would be affected. It was estimated that for the 2 m and 10 m scenarios, 1 275 and 27 248 residents would need to be evacuated to safer areas. For a flood scenario of at least 4 m, the coordination and emergency management of the Municipality of Olhão would be compromised since the City Hall would be flooded. Regarding health services, it should be noted that the Olhão Health Center would not be flooded by any of the scenarios. For the 2 m scenario, a primary school with 342 students and integrated preschool would be flooded. The implementation of a warning system, the removal of the rubble, the establishment of groups to assess the stability of damaged buildings and the logistics, associated with the setting up of evacuation camps, are tasks that must be properly planned and articulated between the various levels of civil protection. The structural and human vulnerabilities estimated in the present study and the means that will be necessary for an effective response, indicate that the capacity of local level will not be sufficient. Therefore, the participation of the regional, national and even international levels will be necessary.
Description
Keywords
Tsunami, Olhão, cenário, cota, áreas suscetíveis, vulnerabilidades Tsunami, Olhão, scenery, elevation, susceptible areas, vulnerabilities