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Operação de preparação de terreno e plantação mecânica com alfaia Risutec
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar as produtividades e os custos das operações com recurso à alfaia Risutec SKB-180, aferir a distribuição do tempo de trabalho da alfaia sem aplicação de gel e avaliar a taxa de sobrevivência das plantas, com vista à eficiência e qualidade da operação de plantação mecanizada.A informação das operações acompanhadas e registadas foi obtida em povoamentos de eucalipto do património florestal da empresa Altri Florestal, inseridos na região florestal Norte, onde a orografia é bastante acidentada. Os dados obtidos resultam da atividade da máquina na época de plantação adequada, sem a aplicação de gel e em diferentes condições de estação.Em Portugal e na Europa Ocidental não existe nenhuma alfaia igual, assim como o registo de estudos a este respeito é praticamente inexistente.A produtividade e os custos associados têm tendência a subir com a densidade do povoamento. Esta alfaia instala, aproximadamente, 109 plantas/hora, com o custo médio por planta de 0,70€ na operação. Demora 9h48min por hectare, a efetuar as operações de preparação do terreno simultaneamente com a plantação, e tem um custo associado de 714€ por hectare, assumindo a densidade média de 800 plantas/ha. As plantas instaladas mecanicamente têm uma taxa de sobrevivência idêntica à plantação manual. No entanto, considera-se relevante melhorar a eficiência do equipamento de forma a reduzir o tempo improdutivo.A operação de preparação de terreno e plantação mecanizada com a alfaia Risutec pode oferecer uma solução viável no futuro próximo ao dar resposta à escassez de mão-de-obra em Portugal, onde a competitividade económica, social e tecnológica está a aumentar. Por outro lado, o equipamento está melhor adaptado face às alterações climáticas globais na medida em que as intervenções são localizadas, reduzindo o impacte ambiental e o risco de erosão associado às mobilizações contínuas ou mesmo em faixas.
The present work aims to evaluate the productivity and costs of operations using the Risutec SKB-180 implement, to assess the distribution of working time of the implement without the application of gel and evaluate the plant survival rate, with a view to the efficiency and quality of mechanized plantation operation.The information from the monitored and recorded operations was obtained in eucalyptus stands from the forest heritage of the company Altri Florestal, located in the northern forest region, where the orography is quite rugged. The data obtained result from the machine activity at the proper planting time, without the application of gel and in different season conditions.In Portugal and Western Europe no similar implement exists, and the record of studies in this regard is practically non-existent.Productivity and associated costs tend to increase with stand density. This implement plants approximately 109 plants/hour, with an average cost per plant of 0,70€ in the operation. It takes 9h48min per hectare, to perform the land preparation operations simultaneously with planting, and has an associated cost of 714€ per hectare, assuming an average density of 800 plants/ha. Mechanically installed plants have a survival rate identical to manual planting. However, it is considered relevant to improve the efficiency of the equipment in order to reduce unproductive time.The mechanized field operation and planting preparation with the Risutec implement may offer a viable solution in the near future by addressing the labor shortage in Portugal, where economic, social and technological competitiveness is increasing. On the other hand, the equipment is better adapted to global climate change as the interventions are localized, reducing environmental impact and associated erosion with continuous or banded interventions
The present work aims to evaluate the productivity and costs of operations using the Risutec SKB-180 implement, to assess the distribution of working time of the implement without the application of gel and evaluate the plant survival rate, with a view to the efficiency and quality of mechanized plantation operation.The information from the monitored and recorded operations was obtained in eucalyptus stands from the forest heritage of the company Altri Florestal, located in the northern forest region, where the orography is quite rugged. The data obtained result from the machine activity at the proper planting time, without the application of gel and in different season conditions.In Portugal and Western Europe no similar implement exists, and the record of studies in this regard is practically non-existent.Productivity and associated costs tend to increase with stand density. This implement plants approximately 109 plants/hour, with an average cost per plant of 0,70€ in the operation. It takes 9h48min per hectare, to perform the land preparation operations simultaneously with planting, and has an associated cost of 714€ per hectare, assuming an average density of 800 plants/ha. Mechanically installed plants have a survival rate identical to manual planting. However, it is considered relevant to improve the efficiency of the equipment in order to reduce unproductive time.The mechanized field operation and planting preparation with the Risutec implement may offer a viable solution in the near future by addressing the labor shortage in Portugal, where economic, social and technological competitiveness is increasing. On the other hand, the equipment is better adapted to global climate change as the interventions are localized, reducing environmental impact and associated erosion with continuous or banded interventions
Description
Keywords
Mecanização Mobilização do Solo Operação Florestal Rearborização Silvicultura