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A reposição da ordem pública em Moçambique constitui uma competência exclusiva da Polícia da República de Moçambique (PRM), sendo assegurada, no plano operacional, pela Unidade de Intervenção Rápida, integrada na Unidade de Operações Especiais e de Reserva. No contexto dos conflitos sociopolíticos, assegurar os princípios da legalidade e da proporcionalidade no uso dos meios coercivos constitui, hodiernamente, um dos maiores desafios para a PRM. A PRM não dispõe, na sua estrutura organizacional, de um nível intermédio de intervenção que permita assegurar o escalonamento dos meios na sua atuação. Nesta investigação, procurou-se avaliar a aplicabilidade do modelo das Equipas de Intervenção Rápida (EIR), inspirado no modelo português da Polícia de Segurança Pública, como estratégia para reforçar a capacidade da PRM na gestão proporcional de conflitossociopolíticos em Moçambique, assegurando, simultaneamente, a proteção dos direitos fundamentais. Para o efeito, optou-se por um estudo qualitativo, através da revisão da literatura e da realização de entrevistas a oficiais afetos ao Comando-Geral da PRM, aos Comandos da PRM da Cidade de Maputo e da Província de Maputo. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. A análise revela que a implementação das EIR em Moçambique, enquanto nível intermédio de intervenção, se configuraria como um mecanismo de redução do uso da força nas intervenções policiais, podendo evitar o recurso precoce à Unidade de Operações Especiais e de Reserva em situações que não justificariam a intervenção de uma unidade especializada. Os dados revelam ainda que, para o contexto moçambicano, deverá apenas ser alterada a designação, na medida em que, ao nível especial, a unidade responsável pela reposição da ordem pública possui a designação de Unidade de Intervenção Rápida. Assim, conclui-se que, no contexto moçambicano, a designação mais adequada para este nível intermédio de intervenção seria Equipas de Reação Intermédia.
The restoration of public order in Mozambique constitutes an exclusive responsibility of the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), being operationally ensured by the Rapid Intervention Unit, integrated into the Special Operations and Reserve Unit. In the context of sociopolitical conflicts, ensuring the principles of legality and proportionality in the use of coercive means currently constitutes one of the greatest challenges faced by the PRM. The PRM does not have, within its organizational structure, an intermediate level of intervention capable of ensuring the gradual escalation of means in its operations. This research sought to assess the applicability of the Rapid Intervention Teams (EIR) model, inspired by the Portuguese Public Security Police model, as a strategy to strengthen the PRM’s capacity for the proportional management of sociopolitical conflicts in Mozambique, while simultaneously safeguarding fundamental rights. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted through a literature review and interviews with officers assigned to the PRM General Command, as well as the PRM Commands of Maputo City and Maputo Province. The collecteddata were processed through content analysis. The analysis reveals that the implementation of the EIR in Mozambique, as an intermediate intervention level, would constitute a mechanism for reducing the use of force in police interventions, potentially preventing the premature deployment of the Special Operations and Reserve Unit in situations that would not justify the intervention of a specialized unit. The findings further reveal that, within the Mozambican context, only the designation of the proposed structure should be changed, since, at the specialized level, the unit responsible for restoring public order already bears the designation of Rapid Intervention Unit. Thus, it is concluded that, in the Mozambican context, the most appropriate designation for this intermediate level of intervention would be Intermediate Reaction Teams.
The restoration of public order in Mozambique constitutes an exclusive responsibility of the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), being operationally ensured by the Rapid Intervention Unit, integrated into the Special Operations and Reserve Unit. In the context of sociopolitical conflicts, ensuring the principles of legality and proportionality in the use of coercive means currently constitutes one of the greatest challenges faced by the PRM. The PRM does not have, within its organizational structure, an intermediate level of intervention capable of ensuring the gradual escalation of means in its operations. This research sought to assess the applicability of the Rapid Intervention Teams (EIR) model, inspired by the Portuguese Public Security Police model, as a strategy to strengthen the PRM’s capacity for the proportional management of sociopolitical conflicts in Mozambique, while simultaneously safeguarding fundamental rights. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted through a literature review and interviews with officers assigned to the PRM General Command, as well as the PRM Commands of Maputo City and Maputo Province. The collecteddata were processed through content analysis. The analysis reveals that the implementation of the EIR in Mozambique, as an intermediate intervention level, would constitute a mechanism for reducing the use of force in police interventions, potentially preventing the premature deployment of the Special Operations and Reserve Unit in situations that would not justify the intervention of a specialized unit. The findings further reveal that, within the Mozambican context, only the designation of the proposed structure should be changed, since, at the specialized level, the unit responsible for restoring public order already bears the designation of Rapid Intervention Unit. Thus, it is concluded that, in the Mozambican context, the most appropriate designation for this intermediate level of intervention would be Intermediate Reaction Teams.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais - Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Policia.
Palavras-chave
direitos fundamentais equipas de intervenção rápida ordem pública polícia da República de Moçambique Polícia de Segurança Pública fundamental rights police of the republic of mozambique public security police public order rapid intervention teams.
