Body fluid identification and donor association of mock case samples: Results of two EDNAP collaborative exercises

The European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) has previously evaluated the performance, robustness, and reproducibility of various mRNA markers for identifying body fluids using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and massively parallel sequencing (MPS) methods. MPS of mRNA targets is used for body fluid identification and provides information on who contributed which body fluid to a binary mixture, thereby adding important contextual aspects to a crime scene investigation. The analysis of coding region SNPs (cSNPs) in body fluid-specific transcripts allows the association of an individual’s DNA cSNP profile with the body fluid-specific RNA cSNP genotype. The Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine in Switzerland organized two consecutive collaborative exercises within the EDNAP group to evaluate the performance of two targeted mRNA sequencing assays: the BSS cSNP assay (for blood, saliva, and semen) and the 6F cSNP assay (for six fluids/tissues, including BSS and additionally vaginal secretion, menstrual blood, and skin). Each cSNP RNA assay was accompanied by a genomic DNA assay to genotype the cSNPs in the person(s) of interest. Eleven laboratories participated in one or both of the EDNAP collaborative exercises. In each exercise, 16 mock case samples were provided by the organizers, and the laboratories could analyze additional, self-prepared stains. Participants could use either the Ion S5 or the MiSeq sequencing platform. Here, we present the compiled results of the two collaborative exercises. We investigated DNA and RNA yields, STR profiles, and RNA profiles for body fluid identification and body fluid - donor association. While the mock case samples provided information on the performance of the assays, the self-prepared stains were a blind test for the organizers to identify the body fluids and the contributors.