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Lesões musculosesqueléticas no atleta tático: Influência na capacidade operacional da Unidade Especial de Polícia
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Abstract(s)
OBJETIVO: Estudar e caraterizar a influência da taxa de incidência de lesões no
desempenho ocupacional de polícias.
METODOLOGIA: Cento e trinta e cinco polícias da UEP/PSP (37.22 ± 9.2 anos; IMC:
25.22 ± 2.12; 1392.33 ± 313.01 MET-minutos) preencheram o questionário online.
Cinquenta e um elementos do CI/PSP e GOE/PSP (33.84 ± 7.01 anos; IMC: 25.40 ± 1.71
m; % massa gorda 13.86 ± 4.07; 5530.34 ± 3407.70 MET-minutos) participaram nos
testes de terreno. O questionário foi dividido em frações sobre as temáticas: informações
demográficas, prevenção e fatores potenciadores de lesões, lesões musculoesqueléticas e
questionário internacional de atividade física. Os testes de terreno consistiram na
realização de um circuito operacional específico da função e testes funcionais motores,
nomeadamente crossover hop test, Y balance, t test, single arm seated shot put test e força
de preensão manual, antes, imediatamente e 10’ após os circuitos. Nos circuitos foram
controladas as variáveis: lactato (antes, 5 e 10 minutos após), perceção subjetiva de
esforço, frequência cardíaca (imediatamente, 1 e 2 minutos após), tempos totais e parciais
e fadiga cognitiva. Foram utilizados os métodos estatísticos Shapiro-Wilk e Levene para
anormalidade e homogeneidade da amostra, ANOVA one-way; teste T de Pares com
correção de Bonferroni; correlação de Pearson (r); e modelo misto da Anova a dois
fatores. O nível de significância admitido foi de p <0.05 e o software utilizado foi o SPSS,
versão 26.
RESULTADOS: O questionário demonstrou-nos que 84% dos polícias da amostra
sofreram de alguma lesão desde o ingresso na função e as lesões mais comuns foram no
joelho (44%); com afetação dos tendões e ligamentos (70%); a natureza das lesões foram
as inflamações (59%). O contexto onde ocorreram mais lesões foi o treino (61%) e o
modo foi através de contacto com objeto (45%). Existe correlação significativa entre o
total de lesões e os resultados parciais de um dos circuitos (r=0.361; p=0.046 e r=0.452;
p=0.011). A média da assimetria dos dois grupos (em %) dos testes funcionais Y Balance
(8.73 ± 7.54 e 6.21 ± 6.96) e Single Arm Seated Shot Put Test (15.25 ± 12.41; 11.71 ±
8.52 e 10.27 ± 6.05) foi superior aos valores de referência, apresentando os agentes risco
de lesão acrescido nos pés e/ou tornozelos e ombros.
CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que o número total de lesões influenciou negativamente a
capacidade operacional, está fortemente associado positivamente à idade, ao nº de horas
treino físico e ocupacional. A fadiga ocupacional não teve efeitos deletérios, acréscimo
do risco de lesão nos dois grupos.
OBJECTIVE: To study and characterise the influence of the incidence rate of injuries on occupational performance of police officers. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and thirty-five police officers from UEP/PSP (37.22 ± 9.2 years old; BMI: 25.22 ± 2.12; 1392.33 ± 313.01 MET-minutes) completed the online questionnaire. Fifty-one members of CI/PSP and GOE/PSP (33.84 ± 7.01 years; BMI: 25.40 ± 1.71 m; % fat mass 13.86 ± 4.07; 5530.34 ± 3407.70 MET-minutes) participated in the field tests. The questionnaire was divided into fractions on the following themes: demographic information, prevention and potentiating factors of injuries, musculoskeletal injuries, and international questionnaire of physical activity. The field tests consisted of the performance of a function-specific operating circuit and motor functional tests, namely crossover hop test, Y balance, t test, single arm seated shot put test and handgrip strength, before, immediately and 10' after the circuits. In the circuits the following variables were controlled: lactate (before, 5 and 10 minutes after), subjective perception of effort, heart rate (immediately, 1 and 2 minutes after), total and partial times and cognitive fatigue. We used the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene statistical methods for sample abnormality and homogeneity, one-way ANOVA; Pairwise T-test with Bonferroni correction; Pearson's correlation (r); and two-factor Anova mixed model. The level of significance was p <0.05 and the software used was SPSS, version 26. RESULTS: The questionnaire showed us that 84% of the police officers in the sample had suffered some injury since entering the function and the most common injuries were in the knee (44%); affecting tendons and ligaments (70%); the nature of the injuries was inflammations (59%). The context where more injuries occurred was training (61%) and the mode was through contact with object (45%). There is a significant correlation between total injuries and the partial results of one of the circuits (r=0.361; p=0.046 and r=0.452; p=0.011). The mean asymmetry of the two groups (in %) of the functional tests Y Balance (8.73 ± 7.54 and 6.21 ± 6.96) and Single Arm Seated Shot Put Test (15.25 ± 12.41; 11.71 ± 8.52 and 10.27 ± 6.05) was higher than the reference values, with the agents presenting increased risk of injury in the feet and/or ankles and shoulders. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the total number of injuries negatively influenced the operational capacity, is strongly positively associated to age, number of hours of physical and occupational training. Occupational fatigue had no deleterious effects, increasing the risk of injury in both groups.
OBJECTIVE: To study and characterise the influence of the incidence rate of injuries on occupational performance of police officers. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and thirty-five police officers from UEP/PSP (37.22 ± 9.2 years old; BMI: 25.22 ± 2.12; 1392.33 ± 313.01 MET-minutes) completed the online questionnaire. Fifty-one members of CI/PSP and GOE/PSP (33.84 ± 7.01 years; BMI: 25.40 ± 1.71 m; % fat mass 13.86 ± 4.07; 5530.34 ± 3407.70 MET-minutes) participated in the field tests. The questionnaire was divided into fractions on the following themes: demographic information, prevention and potentiating factors of injuries, musculoskeletal injuries, and international questionnaire of physical activity. The field tests consisted of the performance of a function-specific operating circuit and motor functional tests, namely crossover hop test, Y balance, t test, single arm seated shot put test and handgrip strength, before, immediately and 10' after the circuits. In the circuits the following variables were controlled: lactate (before, 5 and 10 minutes after), subjective perception of effort, heart rate (immediately, 1 and 2 minutes after), total and partial times and cognitive fatigue. We used the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene statistical methods for sample abnormality and homogeneity, one-way ANOVA; Pairwise T-test with Bonferroni correction; Pearson's correlation (r); and two-factor Anova mixed model. The level of significance was p <0.05 and the software used was SPSS, version 26. RESULTS: The questionnaire showed us that 84% of the police officers in the sample had suffered some injury since entering the function and the most common injuries were in the knee (44%); affecting tendons and ligaments (70%); the nature of the injuries was inflammations (59%). The context where more injuries occurred was training (61%) and the mode was through contact with object (45%). There is a significant correlation between total injuries and the partial results of one of the circuits (r=0.361; p=0.046 and r=0.452; p=0.011). The mean asymmetry of the two groups (in %) of the functional tests Y Balance (8.73 ± 7.54 and 6.21 ± 6.96) and Single Arm Seated Shot Put Test (15.25 ± 12.41; 11.71 ± 8.52 and 10.27 ± 6.05) was higher than the reference values, with the agents presenting increased risk of injury in the feet and/or ankles and shoulders. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the total number of injuries negatively influenced the operational capacity, is strongly positively associated to age, number of hours of physical and occupational training. Occupational fatigue had no deleterious effects, increasing the risk of injury in both groups.
Description
Keywords
lesões musculoesqueléticas testes funcionais motores aptidão física aptidão policial Unidade Especial de Polícia Polícia musculoskeletal injuries motor functional testing physical fitness police fitness Ssecial police unit Police