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Publication
Manifestação e reunião: Um novo rumo para uma Europa uníssona.
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Authors
Abstract(s)
No presente estudo efetuou-se uma análise comparativa da regulação do direito à manifestação e à reunião em Portugal, Espanha, França, Alemanha, Polónia e Estónia, evidenciando tendências legislativas e desafios compartilhados. Enquanto Espanha e Polónia implementam restrições mais rigorosas, como evidenciado pela Ley Mordaza espanhola, França e Alemanha adotam um modelo intermediário, por sua vez, Portugal e Estónia destacam-se por possuírem sistemas mais flexíveis. No entanto, subsistem lacunas no contexto português, em particular, a falta de critérios definidos para a atuação policial, a ausência de normatização específica quanto à utilização de tecnologias de monitoramento em manifestações, e a exigência de conciliar liberdade de expressão com ordem pública, prevenindo retrocessos na segurança. Sugere-se uma reformulação legislativa que integre as melhores práticas globais e as orientações de entidades de direitos humanos, garantindo proteção contra intervenções desmedidas e ajustando o arcabouço jurídico às realidades do ambiente digital. Essa reforma fortaleceria a estrutura jurídica em Portugal, assegurando maior segurança legal aos manifestantes e proporcionando maior clareza nas ações das forças de segurança, o que contribuiria para o aprofundamento da democracia participativa tanto em Portugal quanto na Europa. Chegou-se assim à conclusão de que o modelo português, embora mais liberal em relação a outros sistemas, necessita de atualização para fortalecer a proteção desse direito fundamental, garantindo maior transparência e alinhamento com as demandas da sociedade atual, as normas internacionais e o contexto constitucional.
This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the regulation of the right to protest and assemble in Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Poland and Estonia, evidencing legislative trends and common challenges. Spain as illustrated by Spain’s Ley Mordaza and Poland apply more stringent restrictions, whereas France and Germany follow an intermediate model. In contrast, Portugal and Estonia distinguish themselves by adopting more flexible frameworks. However, significant gaps remain within the Portuguese context, notably the absence of clear criteria governing police intervention, the lack of specific regulation concerning the use of surveillance technologies at demonstrations, and the challenge of reconciling freedom of expression with maintaining public order, in order to avoid setbacks in security. It is therefore suggested that legislative reform be pursued, incorporating global best practices and the recommendations of human rights institutions, thereby ensuring safeguards against disproportionate state intervention while adapting the legal framework to the realities of the digital age. Such reform would reinforce Portugal’s normative structure, providing greater legal certainty to demonstrators and clearer operational guidance to security forces, ultimately contributing to the consolidation of participatory democracy both domestically and within the broader European context. The conclusion reached is that the Portuguese model, while comparatively more liberal than other systems, nevertheless requires updating in order to enhance the protection of this fundamental right, ensuring greater transparency and alignment with contemporary societal demands, international human rights standards and the constitutional framework.
This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the regulation of the right to protest and assemble in Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Poland and Estonia, evidencing legislative trends and common challenges. Spain as illustrated by Spain’s Ley Mordaza and Poland apply more stringent restrictions, whereas France and Germany follow an intermediate model. In contrast, Portugal and Estonia distinguish themselves by adopting more flexible frameworks. However, significant gaps remain within the Portuguese context, notably the absence of clear criteria governing police intervention, the lack of specific regulation concerning the use of surveillance technologies at demonstrations, and the challenge of reconciling freedom of expression with maintaining public order, in order to avoid setbacks in security. It is therefore suggested that legislative reform be pursued, incorporating global best practices and the recommendations of human rights institutions, thereby ensuring safeguards against disproportionate state intervention while adapting the legal framework to the realities of the digital age. Such reform would reinforce Portugal’s normative structure, providing greater legal certainty to demonstrators and clearer operational guidance to security forces, ultimately contributing to the consolidation of participatory democracy both domestically and within the broader European context. The conclusion reached is that the Portuguese model, while comparatively more liberal than other systems, nevertheless requires updating in order to enhance the protection of this fundamental right, ensuring greater transparency and alignment with contemporary societal demands, international human rights standards and the constitutional framework.
Description
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais
Keywords
democracia direitos humanos manifestações reuniões democracy human rights demonstrations manifestations european union União Europeia European Union