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A pistagem na investigação criminal: contributos para a sua (eventual) aplicação na Polícia de Segurança Pública.
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Abstract(s)
A pistagem consiste no seguimento do rastro de uma pessoa por um binómio
cinotécnico, onde são exploradas as capacidades olfativas dos cães em prol de um objetivo
delineado pelo ser humano. Apesar de, nos últimos anos, ter sido alvo de alguma
sobrevalorização, sobretudo quando relacionada com atividades de mantrailing, a pistagem
continua a ser uma ferramenta útil às polícias e aos seus serviços de investigação criminal,
uma vez que possibilita a recolha de informações que não seriam possíveis de outro modo.
Como meio de prova e de obtenção de prova, em conjugação com outros, a pistagem poderá
servir não só para a definição de linhas estratégicas de investigação como, também, útil, em
sede de audiência de julgamento. A investigação, qualitativa, teve por base a análise de
literatura e a realização de entrevistas a informadores privilegiados, tendo como resultado a
convergência das potencialidades e limitações que lhe estão associadas. A aposta num
modelo de policiamento cinotécnico adequado, a sensibilização dos responsáveis da gestão
do local do crime e a existência de um programa de treino adequado, poderá culminar no
estabelecimento de uma nova ferramenta ao dispor da investigação criminal.
Tracking consists in following an individual scent of a person by a specific dog team where the olfactory capacities of the dogs are explored in favour of an objective outlined by the human being. Although in recent years it has been the target of some overvaluation, especially when related to mantrailing activities, tracking continues to be a useful tool for police and their criminal investigation services, since it enables the collection of information that would not be possible in any other way. As a means of proof and evidence collection, in conjugation with other evidences, tracking may serve not only for the definition of strategic lines of investigation but also as a useful tool in courts. The qualitative research was based on a literature review and on interviews with key informants and resulted in a convergence of the potentialities and limitations associated with it. With a proper canine policing model, the awareness of those responsible for crime scene management and the existence of an adequate training programme may culminate in the establishment of a new tool available to the criminal investigation.
Tracking consists in following an individual scent of a person by a specific dog team where the olfactory capacities of the dogs are explored in favour of an objective outlined by the human being. Although in recent years it has been the target of some overvaluation, especially when related to mantrailing activities, tracking continues to be a useful tool for police and their criminal investigation services, since it enables the collection of information that would not be possible in any other way. As a means of proof and evidence collection, in conjugation with other evidences, tracking may serve not only for the definition of strategic lines of investigation but also as a useful tool in courts. The qualitative research was based on a literature review and on interviews with key informants and resulted in a convergence of the potentialities and limitations associated with it. With a proper canine policing model, the awareness of those responsible for crime scene management and the existence of an adequate training programme may culminate in the establishment of a new tool available to the criminal investigation.
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Keywords
Investigação criminal Mantrailing Meios de obtenção de prova Pistagem Tracking dogs Criminal investigation Mantrailing Means of evidence collection