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A audiência de custódia no Brasil
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo teve como escopo a conceituação, previsão legal e análise da
audiência de custódia no cenário jurídico-político brasileiro. A partir da ratificação da
Convenção Americana dos Direitos Humanos e do Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos
Civis e Políticos pela República Federativa do Brasil, ambos assinados e incorporados
pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro por meio dos decretos nº. 678/1992 e 592/1992,
respectivamente, o País muito pouco fez para dar efetividade às garantias e aos
direitos humanos lá previstos e aderidos. De um modo geral, a legislação processual
penal brasileira vem sofrendo mudanças diante da necessidade de conformação do
octogenário Código de Processo Penal aos tratados internacionais por ele ratificados,
bem como do acompanhamento da evolução da sociedade contemporânea. Na
prática, décadas se passaram e a timidez do Brasil, para não dizer resistência,
originou enormes discussões e divergências quanto à efetivação da proteção
internacional da Convenção e do grande Codex dos direitos civis e políticos no plano
interno. Neste contexto, em 2011, o projeto de lei do Senado Federal nº. 554,
convertido posteriormente em Projeto de Lei nº. 6.620, de 2016, trouxe nova e
polêmica alteração ao Código, a qual prevê a pronta apresentação de pessoa presa
em flagrante à autoridade judicial, incorporando a audiência de custódia ao direito
brasileiro. A partir das indefinições em âmbito legislativo, o Poder Judiciário brasileiro
emitiu, via Conselho Nacional de Justiça, a Resolução nº. 213, de 2015, sobre a qual
assentamos nossa análise, desde sua vigência até os dias atuais, referenciando a
nova legislação, lei nº. 13.964/2019, a qual consolida a existência daquela no código
processual penal brasileiro. Por fim, como técnica da investigação, utilizou-se a
revisão bibliográfica qualitativa.
The present study aimed at conceptualizing legal provision and analyzing the use of hearings in the Brazilian legal-political scenario. After the American Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were signed, incorporated, and ratified by the Brazilian legal system through decrees 678/1992 and 592/1992, respectively, the country did very little to guarantee the human rights provided in those documents. In general, the Brazilian criminal procedural legislation has undergone changes in order to adapt the country’s octogenarian Code of Criminal Procedure to the international treaties that have been ratified, as well as to accompany the evolution of contemporary society. In practice, decades have passed and Brazil's idleness, not to say resistance, has started intense discussions and disagreements regarding the effectiveness of the international protection of the Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights at a domestic level. In this context, in 2011, the Federal Senate bill project No. 554, converted to bill No. 6,620, in 2016, brought about a new and controversial amendment to the Code. This amendment provides for the prompt presentation of a person caught in flagrante delicto to the judicial authority, incorporating, thus, hearings into Brazilian law. Based on the lack of definition in the legislative sphere, the Brazilian Judicial System issued, through the National Justice Council, the Resolution No. 213, of 2015. This resolution was used as the basis of our analysis, from its effective date to the present day, as well as the bill No. 13,964/2019, which consolidates the existence of the former in the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure. As a research technique, a qualitative systematic review was used.
The present study aimed at conceptualizing legal provision and analyzing the use of hearings in the Brazilian legal-political scenario. After the American Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were signed, incorporated, and ratified by the Brazilian legal system through decrees 678/1992 and 592/1992, respectively, the country did very little to guarantee the human rights provided in those documents. In general, the Brazilian criminal procedural legislation has undergone changes in order to adapt the country’s octogenarian Code of Criminal Procedure to the international treaties that have been ratified, as well as to accompany the evolution of contemporary society. In practice, decades have passed and Brazil's idleness, not to say resistance, has started intense discussions and disagreements regarding the effectiveness of the international protection of the Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights at a domestic level. In this context, in 2011, the Federal Senate bill project No. 554, converted to bill No. 6,620, in 2016, brought about a new and controversial amendment to the Code. This amendment provides for the prompt presentation of a person caught in flagrante delicto to the judicial authority, incorporating, thus, hearings into Brazilian law. Based on the lack of definition in the legislative sphere, the Brazilian Judicial System issued, through the National Justice Council, the Resolution No. 213, of 2015. This resolution was used as the basis of our analysis, from its effective date to the present day, as well as the bill No. 13,964/2019, which consolidates the existence of the former in the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure. As a research technique, a qualitative systematic review was used.
Description
Keywords
Convenção americana dos deireitos humanos Pacto internacional sobre direitos civis e políticos Legislação processual penal brasileira Audiência de custódia American Convention on Human Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Brazilian criminal procedural legislation Hearing