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O Turismo e a Inovação na Hotelaria
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Abstract(s)
A atividade turística é hoje uma aposta de diversos países para o seu desenvolvimento socioeconómico. Esta atividade torna-se ainda mais fulcral nos países em vias de desenvolvimento, carentes de uma estrutura empresarial e industrial pujante. Assim, este tipo de países tentam rentabilizar os recursos que têm à sua disposição sendo eles faunísticos, florísticos, paisagísticos, culturais, patrimoniais, entre outros. Recursos esses que alimentam o setor turístico.
Aliado a essa janela de oportunidade, um fenómeno têm contribuído para essa aposta: a globalização. Fruto da globalização, os grandes operadores turísticos mundiais têm-se fixado pelos quatro cantos do mundo, internacionalizando-se e ajudando os países em vias de desenvolvimento a ganhar notoriedade na vitrina turística à escala global.
Contudo, a aposta no sector turístico não garante por si só o desenvolvimento socioeconómico das populações dos países em vias de desenvolvimento. Traduz-se sim num aumento do potencial endógeno para que tal ocorra, estando bastante dependente do modelo de desenvolvimento turístico aplicado e das características intrínsecas das comunidades locais.
Ao analisar-se o desenvolvimento socioeconómico do Município de Inhambane, depara-se com um fenómeno conflituante: a comunidade local possui indicadores de “bem-estar” paupérrimos enquanto o seu território é um ex-libris no panorama turístico moçambicano.
Neste contexto, observa-se que o modelo de desenvolvimento turístico implementado no município não é o mais acertado, limitando também o contributo proporcionado pelas unidades hoteleiras para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico da comunidade local.
Conclui-se então que as unidades hoteleiras sediadas no Município de Inhambane são na sua maioria fruto de investimentos estrangeiros ou multinacionais, não garantindo um efeito multiplicador de relevo na economia local, sendo a qualidade da sua oferta de emprego muitas vezes precária, não conseguindo contribuir de forma significativa para a melhoria das infraestruturas de “bem-estar” locais e produzindo por vezes custos ambientais altamente indesejáveis.
Urge repensar todo o modelo de desenvolvimento turístico do Município de Inhambane, pondo de lado o seu carácter neoliberal, abrindo horizontes para novas formas de pensar, estar e sentir o turismo, fazendo reter em Inhambane os benefícios económicos das atividades turísticas praticadas no seu território e transformando a comunidade local, não num mero instrumento de atração turística mas no seu principal beneficiário.
Nowadays, tourist activity is a gamble to several countries trying to achieve socio-economic development. This activity becomes even more crucial in developing countries, being deprived of a strong business and industrial structures. Therefore such countries try to monetize the resources at their disposal such as wildlife, flora and landscape, cultural and patrimonial heritage, amongst others. Allied to this window of opportunity, a phenomenon has contributed to this gamble: globalization. As a result of globalization, the world's major tour operators have spread to the four corners of the globe, internationalizing and assisting developing countries gaining notoriety in tourist showcase on a global scale. However, the gamble in the tourism sector doesn't guarantee the socio-economic development for developing countries by itself. It only increases the endogenous potential for the occurrence of socio-economic development, being largely dependent on the applied model of tourism development and the intrinsic characteristics of local communities. Analyzing its socio-economic development, Inhambane is faced with a conflicting phenomenon, the local community has very poor indicators of "well-being", while its territory is an ex-libris in the Mozambican tourism panorama. In this context, it's observed that the tourism development model implemented in Inhambane is inadequate, limiting the contribution provided by the hotels operating activities for the socio-economic development of the local community. Hotel units based in Inhambane are mostly the result of foreign or multinational investment, not ensuring a significant multiplier effect on the local economy, the quality of their job offer is often precarious, not contributing significantly to the local infrastructure or improvement of "well being", sometimes also producing highly undesirable environmental costs. It is pressing to rethink the whole model of tourism development in Inhambane, putting aside its neoliberal character, opening horizons to new ways of thinking, being and feeling tourism, which allows to retain in Inhambane the economic benefits of tourist activities practiced in its territory. Transforming the local community, not in a mere tourist attraction tool but in its main beneficiary.
Nowadays, tourist activity is a gamble to several countries trying to achieve socio-economic development. This activity becomes even more crucial in developing countries, being deprived of a strong business and industrial structures. Therefore such countries try to monetize the resources at their disposal such as wildlife, flora and landscape, cultural and patrimonial heritage, amongst others. Allied to this window of opportunity, a phenomenon has contributed to this gamble: globalization. As a result of globalization, the world's major tour operators have spread to the four corners of the globe, internationalizing and assisting developing countries gaining notoriety in tourist showcase on a global scale. However, the gamble in the tourism sector doesn't guarantee the socio-economic development for developing countries by itself. It only increases the endogenous potential for the occurrence of socio-economic development, being largely dependent on the applied model of tourism development and the intrinsic characteristics of local communities. Analyzing its socio-economic development, Inhambane is faced with a conflicting phenomenon, the local community has very poor indicators of "well-being", while its territory is an ex-libris in the Mozambican tourism panorama. In this context, it's observed that the tourism development model implemented in Inhambane is inadequate, limiting the contribution provided by the hotels operating activities for the socio-economic development of the local community. Hotel units based in Inhambane are mostly the result of foreign or multinational investment, not ensuring a significant multiplier effect on the local economy, the quality of their job offer is often precarious, not contributing significantly to the local infrastructure or improvement of "well being", sometimes also producing highly undesirable environmental costs. It is pressing to rethink the whole model of tourism development in Inhambane, putting aside its neoliberal character, opening horizons to new ways of thinking, being and feeling tourism, which allows to retain in Inhambane the economic benefits of tourist activities practiced in its territory. Transforming the local community, not in a mere tourist attraction tool but in its main beneficiary.
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Keywords
tourism hotel management socio-economic development developing countries neo-liberalism alternatives turismo hotelaria desenvolvimento socioeconómico países em vias de desenvolvimento neoliberalismo alternativas