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Procedimentos de controlo fronteira aérea e o direito à liberdade: uma análise à luz do artigo 5.º da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos (CEDH)
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Este estudo visa analisar a conformidade dos procedimentos de controlo fronteiriço aeroportuário aplicados pela Polícia de Segurança Pública no Posto de Fronteira 001 Lisboa com os requisitos de legalidade estrita, proporcionalidade temporal e controlo jurisdicional célere consagrados no artigo 5.º da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos. A investigação parte da tensão cognoscível entre a qualificação nacional das medidas de recusa de entrada e a avaliação autónoma desenvolvida pela jurisprudência do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos, que privilegia o primado dos factos na determinação de privação de liberdade. Metodologicamente, adotou-se abordagem qualitativa mista que articula análise jurídico-normativa comparativa com pesquisa empírica assente em análise documental de instrumentos legislativos nacionais e comunitários, escrutínio jurisprudencial e recolha de dados operacionais do período compreendido entre outubro de 2023 e agosto de 2025. A investigação privilegiou fontes primárias dos ordenamentos jurídicos português e europeu, conjugadas com dados estatísticos operacionais de controlo fronteiriço, incluindo volumes de passageiros processados, recusas de entrada efetivadas e processos de reapreciação administrativa. Os resultados revelam conformidade parcial, evidenciando três lacunas estruturais nevrálgicas: ausência de prazo máximo juridicamente vinculante para decisão administrativa de recusa, inexistência de controlo jurisdicional automático e célere da privação de liberdade, e insuficiência de salvaguardas específicas para pessoas vulneráveis. As conclusões apontam para a necessidade premente de reformulação legislativa que assegure previsibilidade normativa e institucionalize revisão jurisdicional automática. O estudo contribui sobremaneira para a compreensão dos mecanismos de governação fronteiriça no contexto pós-reforma institucional, oferecendo subsídios para o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas neste domínio da proteção dos direitos fundamentais.
This study aims to analyse the compliance of airport border control procedures applied by the Public Security Police at Border Post 001 Lisbon with the requirements of strict legality, temporal proportionality and swift judicial review enshrined in Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The investigation stems from the cognisable tension between the national qualification of entry refusal measures and the autonomous assessment developed by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, which privileges the primacy of facts in determining deprivation of liberty. Methodologically, a mixed qualitative approach was adopted, articulating comparative legal-normative analysis with empirical research based on documentary analysis of national and Community legislative instruments, jurisprudential scrutiny and collection of operational data from the period between October 2023 and August 2025. The investigation privileged primary sources from Portuguese and European legal systems, combined with operational statistical data on border control, including volumes of processed passengers, entry refusals effected and administrative review processes. The results reveal partial compliance, evidencing three crucial structural gaps: absence of a legally binding maximum time limit for administrative decisions on refusal, lack of automatic and swift judicial control of deprivation of liberty, and insufficient safeguards specifically for vulnerable persons. The conclusions point to the pressing need for legislative reform that ensures normative predictability and institutionalises automatic judicial review. The study contributes considerably to the understanding of border governance mechanisms in the post-institutional reform context, offering substantial insights for the improvement of public policies in this domain of fundamental rights protection.
This study aims to analyse the compliance of airport border control procedures applied by the Public Security Police at Border Post 001 Lisbon with the requirements of strict legality, temporal proportionality and swift judicial review enshrined in Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The investigation stems from the cognisable tension between the national qualification of entry refusal measures and the autonomous assessment developed by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, which privileges the primacy of facts in determining deprivation of liberty. Methodologically, a mixed qualitative approach was adopted, articulating comparative legal-normative analysis with empirical research based on documentary analysis of national and Community legislative instruments, jurisprudential scrutiny and collection of operational data from the period between October 2023 and August 2025. The investigation privileged primary sources from Portuguese and European legal systems, combined with operational statistical data on border control, including volumes of processed passengers, entry refusals effected and administrative review processes. The results reveal partial compliance, evidencing three crucial structural gaps: absence of a legally binding maximum time limit for administrative decisions on refusal, lack of automatic and swift judicial control of deprivation of liberty, and insufficient safeguards specifically for vulnerable persons. The conclusions point to the pressing need for legislative reform that ensures normative predictability and institutionalises automatic judicial review. The study contributes considerably to the understanding of border governance mechanisms in the post-institutional reform context, offering substantial insights for the improvement of public policies in this domain of fundamental rights protection.
Descrição
Trabalho individual final do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial
Palavras-chave
privação de liberdade controlo de fronteira aeroportuário Direitos Humanos direito à liberdade recusa de entrada deprivation of liberty airport border control Human Rights right to liberty entry refusal
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC