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A militarização de uma polícia civil em cenários polemológicos
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A presente investigação propõe-se dissertar sobre a militarização de uma polícia civil em cenários polemológicos, tomando a PSP como um objeto central de estudo, aludindo, com especial incidência, ao período compreendido entre 1933 e 1945. Procurou-se, então, compreender de que modo a identidade civilista da PSP se articulou com uma lógica de militarização funcional num contexto marcado pela consolidação do Estado Novo, a Guerra Civil de Espanha (1936-1939) e a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Para esse efeito, adotou-se uma metodologia histórica, articulada com uma cabal revisão da literatura e demais análise jurídico-institucional. Nesse sentido, não esquecemos o enquadramento político coevo, a organização regimental da PSP, o recrutamento, a disciplina, as práticas policiais em contexto bélico, assim como a articulação com a PVDE e a GNR e o protagonismo da Revista Polícia Portuguesa (1937-c. 2001) enquanto fonte histórica e instrumento de divulgação institucional. O nosso estudo defende que a PSP, embora formalmente civil, incorporou traços organizacionais, doutrinários e operacionais militares, visíveis na centralização do comando, reforço da disciplina e preparação para funções de defesa passiva. Conclui-se, porém, que este processo não anulou integralmente a sua matriz civil, revelando a existência de um binómio civil-militar presente no tempo, caracterizado por um espectro, ora civilista, ora de inclinação militar. Num plano contemporâneo, sustentamos, adiante, que a preparação da PSP para cenários de guerra não exige a sua remilitarização identitária, mas uma definição peremptória do seu papel, o reforço da coordenação institucional e a preservação da sua essência civil num Estado de Direito democrático.
This research aims to discuss the militarization of a civilian police force in polemological scenarios, taking the PSP (Polícia de Segurança Pública) as a central object of study, with particular emphasis on the period between 1933 and 1945. The study sought to understand how the civilian identity of the PSP was articulated with a logic of functional militarization in a context marked by the consolidation of the Estado Novo, the Spanish Civil War (19361939), and the Second World War (1939-1945). To this end, a historical methodology was adopted, articulated with a thorough review of the literature and other legal-institutional analysis. In this sense, we did not forget the contemporary political framework, the regimental organization of the PSP, recruitment, discipline, police practices in a war context, as well as its articulation with the PVDE and the GNR, and the leading role of the Revista Polícia Portuguesa (1937-c. 2001) as a historical source and instrument of institutional dissemination. Our study argues that the PSP, although formally civilian, has incorporated military organizational, doctrinal, and operational traits, visible in the centralization of command, reinforcement of discipline, and preparation for passive defense functions. However, it concludes that this process did not entirely erase its civilian origins, revealing the existence of a civil-military duality present over time, characterized by a spectrum that is sometimes civilian and sometimes militarily inclined. On a contemporary level, we further argue that preparing the PSP for war scenarios does not require the re-militarization of its identity, but rather a peremptory definition of its role, the strengthening of institutional coordination, and the preservation of its civilian essence within a democratic rule of law.
This research aims to discuss the militarization of a civilian police force in polemological scenarios, taking the PSP (Polícia de Segurança Pública) as a central object of study, with particular emphasis on the period between 1933 and 1945. The study sought to understand how the civilian identity of the PSP was articulated with a logic of functional militarization in a context marked by the consolidation of the Estado Novo, the Spanish Civil War (19361939), and the Second World War (1939-1945). To this end, a historical methodology was adopted, articulated with a thorough review of the literature and other legal-institutional analysis. In this sense, we did not forget the contemporary political framework, the regimental organization of the PSP, recruitment, discipline, police practices in a war context, as well as its articulation with the PVDE and the GNR, and the leading role of the Revista Polícia Portuguesa (1937-c. 2001) as a historical source and instrument of institutional dissemination. Our study argues that the PSP, although formally civilian, has incorporated military organizational, doctrinal, and operational traits, visible in the centralization of command, reinforcement of discipline, and preparation for passive defense functions. However, it concludes that this process did not entirely erase its civilian origins, revealing the existence of a civil-military duality present over time, characterized by a spectrum that is sometimes civilian and sometimes militarily inclined. On a contemporary level, we further argue that preparing the PSP for war scenarios does not require the re-militarization of its identity, but rather a peremptory definition of its role, the strengthening of institutional coordination, and the preservation of its civilian essence within a democratic rule of law.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais - Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Policia.
Palavras-chave
PSP polemologia militarização civilidade cenários estado novo polemology militarization civility scenarios