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Aflatoxinas: Caracterização E Relevância Na Bovinicultura De Leite E Na Alimentação Humana
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Abstract(s)
As aflatoxinas são micotoxinas produzidas por fungos do género Aspergillus. Representam uma ameaça a nível mundial afetando negativamente a saúde humana e a bovinicultura leiteira, podendo resultar em perdas económicas substanciais. A aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) é caracterizada como sendo o carcinogénico natural mais potente, com capacidade de desenvolver carcinoma hepatocelular. Por sua vez, a aflatoxina M1 (AFM1), derivada da AFB1, reveste-se de particular interesse na bovinicultura leiteira, devido à sua excreção através do leite.
Esta revisão tem por objetivos caracterizar as aflatoxinas, começando por descrever a sua estrutura química, vias de contaminação e processos metabólicos associados a AFB1 e seus metabolitos; caracterizar os principais efeitos adversos que provocam, tanto na saúde de bovinos produtores de leite como para a saúde do Homem; caracterizar os principais métodos utilizados para a sua deteção e quantificação e ainda caracterizar estratégias de controlo e mitigação das mesmas nas culturas. Adicionalmente pretende fazer uma abordagem das aflatoxinas num cenário futuro, enfatizando a importância de práticas agrícolas adequadas, aprimoramento das metodologias de deteção, formas de mitigação e desintoxicação e ainda a importância de regulamentações rigorosas de forma a garantir a segurança alimentar.
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. They represent a global threat, negatively affecting human health and dairy cattle farming, potentially resulting in substantial economic losses. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is characterized as the most potent natural carcinogen, capable of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), derived from AFB1, is of particular interest in dairy farming due to its excretion through milk. This review aims to characterize aflatoxins, starting by describing their chemical structure, contamination pathways, and metabolic processes associated with AFB1 and its metabolites; to characterize the main adverse effects they cause, both on the health of dairy cattle and on human health; to characterize the main methods used for their detection and quantification, and to characterize strategies for their control and mitigation in crops. Additionally, it aims to address aflatoxins in a future scenario, emphasizing the importance of appropriate agricultural practices, improvement of detection methodologies, mitigation and detoxification methods, and the importance of strict regulations to ensure food safety.
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. They represent a global threat, negatively affecting human health and dairy cattle farming, potentially resulting in substantial economic losses. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is characterized as the most potent natural carcinogen, capable of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), derived from AFB1, is of particular interest in dairy farming due to its excretion through milk. This review aims to characterize aflatoxins, starting by describing their chemical structure, contamination pathways, and metabolic processes associated with AFB1 and its metabolites; to characterize the main adverse effects they cause, both on the health of dairy cattle and on human health; to characterize the main methods used for their detection and quantification, and to characterize strategies for their control and mitigation in crops. Additionally, it aims to address aflatoxins in a future scenario, emphasizing the importance of appropriate agricultural practices, improvement of detection methodologies, mitigation and detoxification methods, and the importance of strict regulations to ensure food safety.
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Keywords
Micotoxinas Aflatoxinas AFB1 AFM1 Controlo E Mitigação Deteção Limite Máximo Prevenção Mycotoxins Aflatoxins Control And Mitigation Detection Maximum Limit Prevention