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Estudo da utilização de eletrolisadores acoplados a motores de combustão interna: impacto nos equipamentos usados na reciclagem em escombreiras de pedreiras
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As evidências científicas relativas à influência da atividade antropogénica sobre o sistema
climático são cada vez mais fortes, e o aquecimento global do sistema climático é inequívoco.
Assim, torna-se necessário melhorar a estratégia energética do planeta, utilizando outras
formas de energia, que não sejam poluidoras ou que sejam menos poluidoras. Sendo uma
das mais promissoras o hidrogénio produzido a partir de energias renováveis.
Numa situação de transição energética, no setor dos transportes e de maquinarias com
motores de combustão interna, a utilização de eletrolisadores acoplados a esses motores,
podem fazer parte de uma solução a médio prazo, até que novas tecnologias mais eficientes
tomem o seu lugar.
Neste trabalho realizaram-se estudos de otimização da aquisição previsional do número de
eletrolisadores da ULTIMATE CELL com um determinado financiamento da empresa
URBERECICLAR, para três tipos de máquinas que operam na unidade extrativa a céu aberto
para a produção de inertes a partir da rocha calcária no concelho da Batalha, nomeadamente
os compressores da unidade de perfuração, as pás carregadoras e os dumpers.
Realizaram-se os estudos de otimização com duas situações diferentes, numa situação
utilizou-se o número real de máquinas existentes na pedreira e na outra o triplo das máquinas
existentes de cada tipo. Nos estudos realizados utilizaram-se os preços do gasóleo com os
valores de fevereiro e de novembro de 2021. Para a situação real e para a situação triplicada,
obteve-se um investimento, com todas as máquinas equipadas com eletrolisadores, de
18.720,00 € e 56.160,00 €, respetivamente.
A média dos períodos de retorno do investimento da aquisição de eletrolisadores para a
situação real considerando o preço do gasóleo no mês de fevereiro e no mês de novembro
de 2021 é de 4,66 e 3,71 meses, respetivamente. Para a situação triplicada considerando o
preço do gasóleo no mês de fevereiro e no mês de novembro de 2021 é 4,51 e 3,59 meses,
respetivamente.
Calculou-se também a quantidade de combustível economizando durante dois anos, com a
utilização do maior número de eletrolisadores, que consistiu em 75.629 L no caso da situação
real e 226.887 L no caso da situação triplicada. A redução das emissões de CO₂ obtida
durante os dois analisados foi de 200.416 e de 601.249 Kg para a situação real e triplicada,
respetivamente.
Com os valores obtidos através das simulações efetuadas ao longo deste trabalho constata se que a acoplagem dos eletrolisadores aos motores de combustão interna é um processo
exequível e que pode ser incorporado na estratégia do combate às alterações climáticas, além
de permitir uma aquisição economicamente viável para empresas que contenham motores de
combustão interna, permitindo reduzir custos através da poupança no combustível e
consecutivamente contribuir para a redução de CO₂
Scientific evidence regarding the influence of anthropogenic activity on the climate system is increasingly strong, and the global warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Thus, it becomes necessary to improve the energy strategy of the planet, using other forms of energy, which do not pollute or are less polluting. One of the most promising is hydrogen produced from renewable energies. In a situation of energy transition, in the transport and machinery sector with internal combustion engines, the use of electrolysers coupled to these engines may be part of a medium-term solution, until new more efficient technologies take their place. In this work, studies were carried out to optimize the provisional acquisition of the number of electrolysers from ULTIMATE CELL with a certain financing from the company URBERECICLAR, for three types of machines that operate in the open-air extractive unit for the production of aggregates from limestone rock in the Batalha, namely the drilling unit compressors, loaders and dumpers. The optimization studies were carried out with two different situations, in one situation the actual number of machines existing in the quarry was used and in the other the triple of the existing machines of each type was used. In the studies carried out, diesel prices were used with the values of February and November 2021. For the real situation and for the triplicate situation, an investment was obtained, with all machines equipped with electrolysers, of € 18,720.00 and €56,160.00, respectively. The average payback periods for the acquisition of electrolysers for the real situation considering the price of diesel in February and November 2021 is 4.66 and 3.71 months, respectively. For the triplicate situation considering the price of diesel in the month of February and in the month of November 2021, it is 4.51 and 3.59 months, respectively. The amount of fuel saved in the two years analysed in this study was also calculated, which consisted of 75,629 L in the case of the real situation and 226,887 L in the case of the triplicate situation. The reduction in CO₂ emissions obtained during the two analysed periods was 200,416 and 601,249 Kg for the real situation and tripled, respectively. With the values obtained through the simulations carried out throughout this work, it appears that the coupling of electrolysers to internal combustion engines is a feasible process that can be incorporated into the strategy to combat climate change, in addition to allowing an economically viable acquisition for companies that contain internal combustion engines, allowing to reduce costs through fuel savings and consecutively contributing to the reduction of CO₂.
Scientific evidence regarding the influence of anthropogenic activity on the climate system is increasingly strong, and the global warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Thus, it becomes necessary to improve the energy strategy of the planet, using other forms of energy, which do not pollute or are less polluting. One of the most promising is hydrogen produced from renewable energies. In a situation of energy transition, in the transport and machinery sector with internal combustion engines, the use of electrolysers coupled to these engines may be part of a medium-term solution, until new more efficient technologies take their place. In this work, studies were carried out to optimize the provisional acquisition of the number of electrolysers from ULTIMATE CELL with a certain financing from the company URBERECICLAR, for three types of machines that operate in the open-air extractive unit for the production of aggregates from limestone rock in the Batalha, namely the drilling unit compressors, loaders and dumpers. The optimization studies were carried out with two different situations, in one situation the actual number of machines existing in the quarry was used and in the other the triple of the existing machines of each type was used. In the studies carried out, diesel prices were used with the values of February and November 2021. For the real situation and for the triplicate situation, an investment was obtained, with all machines equipped with electrolysers, of € 18,720.00 and €56,160.00, respectively. The average payback periods for the acquisition of electrolysers for the real situation considering the price of diesel in February and November 2021 is 4.66 and 3.71 months, respectively. For the triplicate situation considering the price of diesel in the month of February and in the month of November 2021, it is 4.51 and 3.59 months, respectively. The amount of fuel saved in the two years analysed in this study was also calculated, which consisted of 75,629 L in the case of the real situation and 226,887 L in the case of the triplicate situation. The reduction in CO₂ emissions obtained during the two analysed periods was 200,416 and 601,249 Kg for the real situation and tripled, respectively. With the values obtained through the simulations carried out throughout this work, it appears that the coupling of electrolysers to internal combustion engines is a feasible process that can be incorporated into the strategy to combat climate change, in addition to allowing an economically viable acquisition for companies that contain internal combustion engines, allowing to reduce costs through fuel savings and consecutively contributing to the reduction of CO₂.
Description
Keywords
Transição energética Descarbonização Hidrogénio Eletrolisadores Eletrólise Motor de combustão interna Energy transition Decarbonization Hydrogen Electrolysers Electrolysis Internal combustion engine