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Uso excessivo da força: questões jurídicas, técnico-policiais e sociais
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| 3.14 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O exercício da força é reconhecidamente um instrumento indispensável ao Estado, e este é, por tal razão, o detentor do monopólio da violência física legítima. E são os seus funcionários, nomeadamente os profissionais das forças de segurança, que podem cometer o erro do uso excessivo da força. Hoje há variadas matérias que permitem definir com rigor o uso legítimo da força e os seus limites.
O uso excessivo da força encerra, para além dos problemas decorrentes da lei, o levantamento de questões morais e éticas por parte da população. Neste contexto, a presente investigação sustenta-se na seguinte pergunta de partida: coincidirão os critérios de adequação e uso excessivo entre o enunciado legal e o que os cidadãos pensam desse mesmo uso excessivo?
Recorreu-se, primeiramente, a uma revisão bibliográfica para contemplar as dimensões jurídicas, técnico-policiais e sociais que o recurso policial ao uso da força comporta. A estratégica metodológica usada na sustentação teórica da investigação albergou também a aplicação de entrevistas cuja informação obtida teve um papel meramente complementar. Para a investigação de campo, aplicaram-se questionários a jovens estudantes universitários de zonas geográficas distintas (em termos de participações criminais) a fim de conhecer a sua posição sobre esta prerrogativa policial.
Os resultados apontam para uma assinalável intransigência dos jovens, principalmente dos que se inserem num contexto geograficamente mais problemático e com mais intervenções da polícia. Apesar de haver um percetível critério nas respostas, aferiu-se um desconhecimento coletivo sobre as imposições legais que regem o recurso policial ao uso da força.
O trabalho foi realizado entre setembro de 2015 e abril de 2016.
The exercise of force is a renowned and indispensable instrument of the State, and thus, the State manifests itself as the monopolist of legitimate physical violence. And it's the State's employees, namely the security forces professionals, who can ultimately err by way of the excessive use of force. Nowadays, there are numerous venues which allow both the precise definition of legitimate physical violence as well as the demarcation of its boundaries. The excessive use of force gives rise to both moral and ethic concerns from the citizen's part, as well as all the legal ramifications that elapse from its occurrence. In this context, the present body of work stems from the following starting question: do the legal criteria for the use of force and its suitable or excessive characterizations match up with the citizen's own criteria? To answer this question, we resorted to a bibliographic revision of legal, police-technical and social dimensions that the police resource to the use of force entails. The methodological strategy used in the theoretical support for this investigation also materialized in interviews, from a purely complementary perspective. In regards to the field investigation, we surveyed young college students from distinct geographical areas (in terms of the criminal occurrences there occurred) so as to understand their position about this police prerrogative. Our results point towards a significant resistance stemming from the surveyed college students, particularly from those who are part of problematic, police intervention heavy geographical areas. Even though we identified a perceivable criteria in regards to the answers given, we also found evidence of a generalized lack of knowledge regarding the legal boundaries which guide the police's use of force. The study was conducted between September 2015 and April 2016.
The exercise of force is a renowned and indispensable instrument of the State, and thus, the State manifests itself as the monopolist of legitimate physical violence. And it's the State's employees, namely the security forces professionals, who can ultimately err by way of the excessive use of force. Nowadays, there are numerous venues which allow both the precise definition of legitimate physical violence as well as the demarcation of its boundaries. The excessive use of force gives rise to both moral and ethic concerns from the citizen's part, as well as all the legal ramifications that elapse from its occurrence. In this context, the present body of work stems from the following starting question: do the legal criteria for the use of force and its suitable or excessive characterizations match up with the citizen's own criteria? To answer this question, we resorted to a bibliographic revision of legal, police-technical and social dimensions that the police resource to the use of force entails. The methodological strategy used in the theoretical support for this investigation also materialized in interviews, from a purely complementary perspective. In regards to the field investigation, we surveyed young college students from distinct geographical areas (in terms of the criminal occurrences there occurred) so as to understand their position about this police prerrogative. Our results point towards a significant resistance stemming from the surveyed college students, particularly from those who are part of problematic, police intervention heavy geographical areas. Even though we identified a perceivable criteria in regards to the answers given, we also found evidence of a generalized lack of knowledge regarding the legal boundaries which guide the police's use of force. The study was conducted between September 2015 and April 2016.
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Keywords
Violência policial Uso excessivo da força Legitimidade Sociedade contemporânea