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Aprender a resolver problemas: um estudo com alunos do 2ยบ ano de escolaridade

dc.contributor.advisorMendes, Fรกtima
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Cristina de Jesus Cardoso
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-15T10:56:11Z
dc.date.available2015-12-15T10:56:11Z
dc.date.issued2015-12
dc.date.submitted2015-12
dc.description.abstractEste estudo centra-se na temรกtica da resoluรงรฃo de problemas, tendo como objetivo principal compreender o modo como os alunos do 2.ยบ ano de escolaridade resolvem problemas. Mais concretamente pretende identificar as estratรฉgias usadas pelos alunos para resolver os problemas, as etapas de resoluรงรฃo de problemas de Pรณlya por que passam e as dificuldades que manifestam. A fundamentaรงรฃo teรณrica apresenta essencialmente os seguintes tรณpicos: a importรขncia da resoluรงรฃo de problemas; a resoluรงรฃo de problemas na aula de Matemรกtica; caracterizaรงรฃo de problema, etapas e estratรฉgias de resoluรงรฃo; e, por fim, a resoluรงรฃo de problemas nas orientaรงรตes curriculares. O estudo segue uma abordagem qualitativa e insere-se no paradigma interpretativo. Nele participaram vinte alunos de uma turma do 2.ยบ ano de escolaridade, tendo sido escolhidos quatro alunos para uma anรกlise mais aprofundada das suas resoluรงรตes. A recolha de dados decorreu durante cinco semanas e um dia apรณs o final do estรกgio, e foi conseguida atravรฉs da observaรงรฃo participante e da recolha documental. Os seis problemas propostos foram construรญdos ou adaptados por mim, tendo subjacente uma estratรฉgia de resoluรงรฃo de problemas diferente. O seu trabalho em sala de aula baseou-se numa prรกtica de ensino exploratรณrio. As conclusรตes deste estudo evidenciam que: (i) os alunos recorrem a diversas estratรฉgias para resolver problemas; (ii) nos problemas propostos verifica-se a preferรชncia pela estratรฉgia โ€œfazer uma simulaรงรฃo/dramatizaรงรฃo/experimentaรงรฃoโ€; (iii) as principais dificuldades apresentadas relacionam-se com a compreensรฃo dos enunciados, o uso da estratรฉgia โ€œtrabalhar do fim para o princรญpioโ€, a interpretaรงรฃo do resultado obtido e a justificaรงรฃo do raciocรญnio usando a expressรฃo escrita ou oral; (iv) os alunos percorrem essencialmente as trรชs etapas โ€œcompreender o problemaโ€, โ€œescolher um planoโ€ e โ€œrealizar o planoโ€ durante a sua resoluรงรฃo.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractThis study focuses on the problem solving and has as main objective the understanding on how students of 2nd grade solve problems. More specifically it aims to identify the strategies used by students to solve problems, the phases of problem solving by Pรณlya which they passed and the difficulties revealed in the exploration process. The theoretical framework present the following topics: the importance of problem solving; the problem solving in Mathematics class; definition of problem, phases and strategies of the problem solving; and finally, the problem solving according to the school curriculum. The study follows a qualitative approach and is part of the interpretative paradigm. Which involved twenty second grade students belonging to a class, although only four students were chosen for further analysis of their resolutions. The data collection took place during five weeks and one day after the end of internship, and it was collected through participant observation and documental collection. The six problems were made and/or adapted by me and with a different underlying problem solving strategies. The work in the classroom was based on the practice of exploratory teaching. The final results of this project showed that: (i) the students use diverse strategies to solve problems; (ii) on the problems solved there was preference for the strategy โ€œmake a simulation/role play/experimentationโ€; (iii) the major difficulties revealed are related to understanding the problem, the strategy โ€œwork backwardโ€, interpreting the obtained results and explaining their reasoning by written or oral expression; (iv) the students primarily undergo three phases of problem solving, โ€œunderstand the problemโ€, โ€œchoose a planโ€ and โ€œtry the planโ€; (iv)en
dc.description.sponsorshipEscola Superior de Educaรงรฃo, Instituiรงรฃo Politรฉcnico de Setรบbalpt_PT
dc.identifier.tid203262450
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/10485
dc.language.isoporpt_PT
dc.subjectResoluรงรฃo de problemaspt_PT
dc.subjectEstratรฉgias de resoluรงรฃo de problemaspt_PT
dc.subjectEtapas de resoluรงรฃo de problemaspt_PT
dc.subjectDificuldades dos alunos na resoluรงรฃo de problemaspt_PT
dc.subjectProblem solvingen
dc.subjectProblem solving strategiesen
dc.subjectPhases of problem solvingen
dc.subjectStudent's difficulties in problem solvingen
dc.subjectRelatรณrio de projeto de investigaรงรฃopt_PT
dc.subjectRelatรณrio de estรกgiopt_PT
dc.titleAprender a resolver problemas: um estudo com alunos do 2ยบ ano de escolaridadept_PT
dc.typemaster thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen
rcaap.typemasterThesisen
thesis.degree.nameMestrado em Educaรงรฃo Prรฉ-Escolar e Ensino do 1ยบ Ciclo do Ensino Bรกsicopt_PT

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