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Publication
Guia de gestão de traumatismos dentários
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os traumatismos dentários representam uma emergência frequente na prática odontológica, especialmente em crianças. Com origem multifatorial anatómica, comportamental e ambiental, estas lesões exigem diagnóstico rápido, tratamento adaptado e acompanhamento prolongado. A dentição decídua, pelas suas particularidades morfológicas e proximidade com os germes dentários permanentes, está particularmente vulnerável, podendo os traumatismos resultar em sequelas como hipoplasia do esmalte, dilacerações ou perturbações de erupção.
A gestão eficaz depende de fatores como a gravidade da lesão, o desenvolvimento radicular e a precocidade da intervenção. As « guidelines » da IADT (Associação Internacional de Traumatologia Dentária ) fornecem protocolos atualizados para orientar o clínico, desde a consulta de urgência até ao seguimento a longo prazo. Nos dentes permanentes imaturos, preserva-se prioritariamente a vitalidade pulpar, enquanto nos dentes com desenvolvimento radicular completo é muitas vezes necessário tratamento endodôntico.
As complicações tardias incluem necrose, reabsorções (inflamatórias ou por substituição), anquilose e obliteração do canal radicular. Nestes casos, a vigilância clínica e radiográfica sistemática é crucial.
A prevenção é um pilar central e envolve medidas adaptadas à idade, educação de pais e profissionais, uso de protetores bucais e viseiras em atividades de risco, e identificação precoce de maloclusões suscetíveis de aumentar o risco traumático. A aplicação móvel ToothSOS e as diretrizes da IADT reforçam o papel dos profissionais de saúde oral na prevenção, na orientação e no treino de primeiros socorros.
Finalmente, o impacto funcional, estético e psicossocial destes traumatismos exige uma abordagem multidisciplinar, desde o alívio da dor até à reabilitação protética, com atenção à autoestima da criança. Uma intervenção precoce, baseada em evidência, é essencial para preservar a saúde oral e a qualidade de vida do paciente.
Dental trauma is a frequent emergency in dental practice, especially in children. With multifactorial origins anatomical, behavioral, and environmental these injuries require prompt diagnosis, tailored treatment, and long-term follow-up. The primary dentition, due to its morphological characteristics and proximity to permanent tooth germs, is particularly vulnerable. Trauma can lead to sequelae such as enamel hypoplasia, dilacerations, or eruption disturbances. Effective management depends on the severity of the injury, root development stage, and the timing of intervention. The IADT guidelines provide updated protocols to assist clinicians, from emergency care to long-term monitoring. In immature permanent teeth, the main goal is to preserve pulp vitality, whereas endodontic treatment is often required in mature teeth. Late complications include pulp necrosis, resorptions (inflammatory or replacement), ankylosis, and canal obliteration. In these cases, systematic clinical and radiographic monitoring is essential. Prevention plays a central role and includes age-appropriate measures, education of parents and professionals, the use of mouthguards and face shields during high-risk activities, and early identification of malocclusions that may increase trauma risk. The ToothSOS mobile app and IADT guidelines further emphasize the role of oral health professionals in prevention, guidance, and first aid training. Finally, the functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impact of dental trauma requires a multidisciplinary approach from pain relief to prosthetic rehabilitation with attention to the child’s self-esteem. Early, evidence-based intervention is essential to preserve oral health and the patient's quality of life.
Dental trauma is a frequent emergency in dental practice, especially in children. With multifactorial origins anatomical, behavioral, and environmental these injuries require prompt diagnosis, tailored treatment, and long-term follow-up. The primary dentition, due to its morphological characteristics and proximity to permanent tooth germs, is particularly vulnerable. Trauma can lead to sequelae such as enamel hypoplasia, dilacerations, or eruption disturbances. Effective management depends on the severity of the injury, root development stage, and the timing of intervention. The IADT guidelines provide updated protocols to assist clinicians, from emergency care to long-term monitoring. In immature permanent teeth, the main goal is to preserve pulp vitality, whereas endodontic treatment is often required in mature teeth. Late complications include pulp necrosis, resorptions (inflammatory or replacement), ankylosis, and canal obliteration. In these cases, systematic clinical and radiographic monitoring is essential. Prevention plays a central role and includes age-appropriate measures, education of parents and professionals, the use of mouthguards and face shields during high-risk activities, and early identification of malocclusions that may increase trauma risk. The ToothSOS mobile app and IADT guidelines further emphasize the role of oral health professionals in prevention, guidance, and first aid training. Finally, the functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impact of dental trauma requires a multidisciplinary approach from pain relief to prosthetic rehabilitation with attention to the child’s self-esteem. Early, evidence-based intervention is essential to preserve oral health and the patient's quality of life.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Traumatismos dentários Urgências dentárias Tratamento restaurador Fraturas dentárias