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Contingências e limites das ações encobertas: necessidades e vindícia da Investigação Criminal
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Na demanda por coligir prova em ordem à verdade material, no seio de um processo justo e equitativo, emerge a hercúlea tarefa das Polícias, na coadjuvação com a autoridade judiciária, de implementação de métodos de investigação que devem superar os obstáculos que lhes são impostos nesta difícil atividade. A globalização e as novas formas de criminalidade, mais complexas e sofisticadas, tomaram de assalto os tradicionais métodos de investigação, obrigando a metamorfoses no sistema de investigação criminal em ordem ao acompanhamento da investigação destes fenómenos. Um trunfo valioso da investigação atual é a realização de ações encobertas como método especial de obtenção de prova, que conta com um regime legal de 2001, e se suporta na Polícia Judiciária como Polícia de domínio operacional deste regime. Destarte, o nosso estudo passa por compreender de que forma as contingências e limites das ações encobertas se coadunam com as necessidades e capacidades da Investigação Criminal, por via da delegação da investigação. As conclusões emergentes sugerem que o nosso ordenamento jurídico não prevê nenhum tipo de exclusividade em matéria de investigação dos Órgãos de Polícia Criminal e que o desenvolvimento e especialização da estrutura de investigação criminal da Polícia de Segurança Pública e da Guarda Nacional Republicana se apresenta cada vez mais capacitado para abraçar este meio de investigação, como forma de potencialização do mesmo e de evitar, simultaneamente, qualquer tipo de bloqueio à ação penal por via da delegação da investigação. Urge uma reforma do RJAE através de uma política legislativa, e iure condendo, das ações encobertas.
In the quest to collect evidence to obtain the material truth, within a fair and equitable process, emerges the herculean task of the policies, in collaboration with the judicial authority, in the implementation of investigative methods that must overcome the obstacles imposed on it in this difficult activity. Globalization and new forms of crime, which are more complex and sophisticated, have surpassed traditional investigative methods, forcing metamorphoses in the criminal investigation system in order to monitor the investigation of these phenomena. An asset of the current investigation is the realization of undercover actions as a special method of obtaining evidence, which has a legal regime of 2001 and is carried by the Polícia Judiciária as the operational police of this regime. Thus, our study involves understanding how the contingencies and limits of covert actions are consistent with the emerging needs and capabilities of Criminal Investigation, through the investigation delegation. The emerging conclusions suggest that our legal system does not provide for any kind of exclusivity of investigation of the policies and that the development and specialization of the criminal investigation structure of the Polícia de Segurança Pública and the Guarda Nacional Republicana is increasingly able to embrace this means of investigation, as a way of potentiating it and avoiding any kind of blocking of criminal prosecution through the delegation of the investigation. There is an urgent need for reform in legislative policy, and iure condendo, of undercover actions.
In the quest to collect evidence to obtain the material truth, within a fair and equitable process, emerges the herculean task of the policies, in collaboration with the judicial authority, in the implementation of investigative methods that must overcome the obstacles imposed on it in this difficult activity. Globalization and new forms of crime, which are more complex and sophisticated, have surpassed traditional investigative methods, forcing metamorphoses in the criminal investigation system in order to monitor the investigation of these phenomena. An asset of the current investigation is the realization of undercover actions as a special method of obtaining evidence, which has a legal regime of 2001 and is carried by the Polícia Judiciária as the operational police of this regime. Thus, our study involves understanding how the contingencies and limits of covert actions are consistent with the emerging needs and capabilities of Criminal Investigation, through the investigation delegation. The emerging conclusions suggest that our legal system does not provide for any kind of exclusivity of investigation of the policies and that the development and specialization of the criminal investigation structure of the Polícia de Segurança Pública and the Guarda Nacional Republicana is increasingly able to embrace this means of investigation, as a way of potentiating it and avoiding any kind of blocking of criminal prosecution through the delegation of the investigation. There is an urgent need for reform in legislative policy, and iure condendo, of undercover actions.
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Keywords
ações encobertas investigação criminal delegação da investigação nova criminalidade undercover actions new criminality criminal investigation investigation delegation