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As estratégias usadas pelos alunos na resolução de tarefas de multiplicação
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| 8.24 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente investigação tem como propósito compreender o modo
como os alunos resolvem tarefas matemáticas relacionadas com a operação
multiplicação. Para dar resposta ao objetivo da investigação foram
formuladas duas questões: (i) Quais as estratégias de cálculo mental usadas
pelos alunos na resolução de tarefas que envolvem a multiplicação? (ii) Quais
as dificuldades que os alunos manifestam na resolução de tarefas que
envolvem a multiplicação?
A revisão da literatura recai sobre a temática da multiplicação,
aprofundando tópicos tais como: a aprendizagem da multiplicação; a
operação multiplicação nas orientações curriculares; o que é cálculo mental e
como se desenvolve; as estratégias de cálculo mental mais usadas na
resolução de tarefas de multiplicação; as dificuldades dos alunos nas tarefas
de multiplicação e o ensino exploratório.
No que concerne à metodologia adotada nesta investigação esta incide
sobre uma investigação sobre a prática, que segue uma abordagem
qualitativa. Relativamente às técnicas e procedimentos de recolha e
tratamento de dados foram utilizadas a observação participante e a recolha
documental, bem como a análise de conteúdo na análise de dados.
O estudo decorreu numa turma do 3.º ano de escolaridade, sendo a
intervenção pedagógica composta por quatro tarefas que envolvem a
multiplicação que foram realizadas pelos alunos da turma. No que respeita à
análise foram selecionadas as resoluções de três pares de alunos.
A análise dos dados evidencia que os alunos recorreram a várias
estratégias de resolução das tarefas. Para além disso, é possível constatar que
os alunos nas tarefas 3 e 4, ao contrário do que aconteceu nas tarefas
anteriores, recorreram apenas à utilização de estratégias multiplicativas,
tendo-as utilizado de modo eficiente. No que concerne às dificuldades dos alunos, a que mais se evidenciou
foi a interpretação dos enunciados que, por sua vez, influenciou a seleção dos
dados para a resolução da tarefa
The purpose of this research is to understand how students solve mathematical tasks related to the multiplication operation. To address the research objective, two questions were raised: (i)What was the mental calculation strategies that students use to solve tasks involving multiplication? (ii) What difficulties do students face in solving tasks involving multiplication? The literature review focuses on the theme of multiplication, delving into topics such as: the learning of multiplication; the multiplication operation in curriculum guidelines; what mental calculation is and how it develops; the most common mental calculation strategies in solving multiplication tasks; students' difficulties in multiplication tasks; and exploratory teaching. Regarding the methodology selected for this research, it focuses on practice-based research, following a qualitative approach. Regarding the techniques and procedures for data collection and treatment, participant observation and document collection were used, as well as data analysis. The study was conducted in a 3rd-grade class, with the pedagogical intervention consisting of four tasks involving multiplication, which were carried out by the students in the class. For the analysis, the resolutions of three pairs of students were selected. Data analysis shows that students used various strategies to solve the tasks. Furthermore, it is possible to observe that in tasks 3 and 4, in contrast to what happened in the previous tasks, students only used multiplicative strategies in an efficiently way. Regarding the students' difficulties, the most prominent one was related to the interpretation of the statements, which in turn influenced the selection of data for task resolution.
The purpose of this research is to understand how students solve mathematical tasks related to the multiplication operation. To address the research objective, two questions were raised: (i)What was the mental calculation strategies that students use to solve tasks involving multiplication? (ii) What difficulties do students face in solving tasks involving multiplication? The literature review focuses on the theme of multiplication, delving into topics such as: the learning of multiplication; the multiplication operation in curriculum guidelines; what mental calculation is and how it develops; the most common mental calculation strategies in solving multiplication tasks; students' difficulties in multiplication tasks; and exploratory teaching. Regarding the methodology selected for this research, it focuses on practice-based research, following a qualitative approach. Regarding the techniques and procedures for data collection and treatment, participant observation and document collection were used, as well as data analysis. The study was conducted in a 3rd-grade class, with the pedagogical intervention consisting of four tasks involving multiplication, which were carried out by the students in the class. For the analysis, the resolutions of three pairs of students were selected. Data analysis shows that students used various strategies to solve the tasks. Furthermore, it is possible to observe that in tasks 3 and 4, in contrast to what happened in the previous tasks, students only used multiplicative strategies in an efficiently way. Regarding the students' difficulties, the most prominent one was related to the interpretation of the statements, which in turn influenced the selection of data for task resolution.
Description
Keywords
1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico Cálculo mental Multiplicação Ensino exploratório 1st Cycle of Basic Education Mental calculation Multiplication Exploratory teaching