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Publication
A pessoa submetida a ventilação mecânica invasiva em unidade de cuidados intensivos: A intervenção da enfermagem de reabilitação no desmame ventilatório
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento de competências para uma prestação de cuidados de enfermagem especializada tem por base a formação contínua ao longo da carreira profissional para dar resposta aos constantes desafios que se impõem na prática. Para a atribuição do grau académico de Mestre e a obtenção do título profissional de Enfermeiro Especialista é realizado um percurso formativo, que culmina com a elaboração do presente Relatório de Estágio. Este caminho foi iniciado com a elaboração de um projeto de formação, no qual foram delineados objetivos e atividades a desenvolver, com base numa problemática.
Prevê-se que, num futuro próximo, exista um acréscimo substancial de pessoas em situação crítica e que necessitem de ventilação mecânica invasiva, o que acarreta um aumento da morbilidade e mortalidade, bem como dos custos. O recurso a esta técnica é um pilar fundamental no tratamento da pessoa em situação crítica, contudo a ventilação mecânica invasiva está associada a diversas complicações, pelo que se preconiza um processo de desmame ventilatório célere, eficaz e seguro. A implementação de um programa de reabilitação precoce na pessoa submetida a ventilação mecânica invasiva é segura, viável e benéfica, promovendo o processo de desmame ventilatório. A eficácia deste processo traduz-se na redução do tempo de internamento em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, na minimização das consequências da ventilação mecânica invasiva e na promoção da qualidade de vida, em que a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Reabilitação assume um papel fundamental.
Este relatório pretende descrever a análise e reflexão das intervenções realizadas, do desenvolvimento de competências definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros e pelos descritores de Dublin durante o percurso formativo. O seu desenvolvimento foi sustentado pela Teoria do Défice de Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, que tem o autocuidado como conceito central, e por uma revisão integrativa da literatura.
The development of skills for providing specialized nursing care is based on continuous training throughout the professional career in order to respond to the constant challenges in practice. In order to acquire a Master's degree and the professional title of Specialist Nurse, a training path is undertaken, culminating in the preparation of this Internship Report. This path began with the preparation of a training project, in which objectives and activities to be developed were outlined, based on a problem. It is expected that in the near future there will be a substantial increase in the number of critically ill people requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, which will increase morbidity and mortality, as well as costs. The use of this technique is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of critically ill people. However, invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with various complications, which is why a fast, effective and safe ventilatory weaning process is recommended. The implementation of an early rehabilitation program for people under invasive mechanical ventilation is safe, feasible and beneficial, promoting the process of ventilator weaning. The effectiveness of this process translates into a reduction in the length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit, minimizing the consequences of invasive mechanical ventilation and promoting quality of life, in which the intervention of the Rehabilitation Specialist Nurse plays a fundamental role. This report aims to describe the analysis and reflection of the interventions carried out, the development of competencies defined by the Order of Nurses and the Dublin descriptors during the training path. Its development was supported by Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, which has self-care as its central concept, and by an integrative literature review.
The development of skills for providing specialized nursing care is based on continuous training throughout the professional career in order to respond to the constant challenges in practice. In order to acquire a Master's degree and the professional title of Specialist Nurse, a training path is undertaken, culminating in the preparation of this Internship Report. This path began with the preparation of a training project, in which objectives and activities to be developed were outlined, based on a problem. It is expected that in the near future there will be a substantial increase in the number of critically ill people requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, which will increase morbidity and mortality, as well as costs. The use of this technique is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of critically ill people. However, invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with various complications, which is why a fast, effective and safe ventilatory weaning process is recommended. The implementation of an early rehabilitation program for people under invasive mechanical ventilation is safe, feasible and beneficial, promoting the process of ventilator weaning. The effectiveness of this process translates into a reduction in the length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit, minimizing the consequences of invasive mechanical ventilation and promoting quality of life, in which the intervention of the Rehabilitation Specialist Nurse plays a fundamental role. This report aims to describe the analysis and reflection of the interventions carried out, the development of competencies defined by the Order of Nurses and the Dublin descriptors during the training path. Its development was supported by Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, which has self-care as its central concept, and by an integrative literature review.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em reabilitação Respiração artificial Desmame do respirador Reabilitação Autocuidado