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Os sistemas terrestres não tripulados autónomos apresentam oportunidades e ameaças à Defesa, permitindo um conjunto alargado de tarefas e a minimização do risco humano. Consequentemente, e impulsionado pelas metas definidas pela Aliança Atlântica, o Exército Português pretende desenvolver e capacitar-se com estes sistemas.
A presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo o desenvolvimento de sistemas terrestres não tripulados para apoio às forças terrestres, propondo contributos para melhorar a integração destes sistemas no Exército, seguindo um raciocínio indutivo, uma estratégia de investigação qualitativa e um estudo de caso.
Do estudo, resultou que os sistemas terrestres não tripulados autónomos tendem a ser empregues para evacuação e reabastecimento sanitário, transporte de cargas, apoio à mobilidade e proteção de pequenas unidades de manobra, e para informações, vigilância e reconhecimento. Para o efeito, perspetivam-se equipas Homem-máquina e sistemas multirrobôs.
Concluiu-se que o Exército deve desenvolver sistemas multifuncionais para acompanhar as tendências referidas anteriormente. Para tal, deve desenvolver estratégias específicas e estimular a participação em projetos nacionais e internacionais, procurando sinergias entre a Indústria, a Defesa e a Academia. Neste contexto, deve salvaguardar-se o estrito cumprimento das regras do direito internacional e acautelar-se a aceitação ética das soluções e dos seus efeitos.
Autonomous unmanned ground systems present opportunities and threats to Defense, allowing a wide range of tasks and minimize human risk. Consequently, and driven by the goals defined by the Atlantic Alliance, the Portuguese Army intends to develop and train itself with these systems. The present investigation has as its object of study the development of unmanned ground systems to support land forces, proposing contributions of the integration of these systems in the Army, following an academic inductive reasoning, a qualitative research strategy and the case study. From the study, it emerged that autonomous unmanned ground systems tend to be used for evacuation and sanitary resupply, cargo transport, mobility support and protection of small maneuver units, and for information, surveillance and reconnaissance. For this purpose, human-machine teams and multi-robot systems are envisaged. It was concluded that the Army must develop multifunctional systems to keep up with the aforementioned trends. To this end, it must develop specific strategies and encourage participation in national and international projects, seeking synergies between Industry, Defense and Academia. In this context, strict compliance with the rules of international law must be safeguarded and the ethical acceptance of solutions and their effects must be ensured.
Autonomous unmanned ground systems present opportunities and threats to Defense, allowing a wide range of tasks and minimize human risk. Consequently, and driven by the goals defined by the Atlantic Alliance, the Portuguese Army intends to develop and train itself with these systems. The present investigation has as its object of study the development of unmanned ground systems to support land forces, proposing contributions of the integration of these systems in the Army, following an academic inductive reasoning, a qualitative research strategy and the case study. From the study, it emerged that autonomous unmanned ground systems tend to be used for evacuation and sanitary resupply, cargo transport, mobility support and protection of small maneuver units, and for information, surveillance and reconnaissance. For this purpose, human-machine teams and multi-robot systems are envisaged. It was concluded that the Army must develop multifunctional systems to keep up with the aforementioned trends. To this end, it must develop specific strategies and encourage participation in national and international projects, seeking synergies between Industry, Defense and Academia. In this context, strict compliance with the rules of international law must be safeguarded and the ethical acceptance of solutions and their effects must be ensured.
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Tecnologias emergentes e disruptivas Robótica e sistemas autónomos Sistemas terrestres não tripulados Exército Português Emerging and disruptive technologies Robotic and autonomous systems Unmanned ground systems Portuguese Army