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Aktywność obywatelska młodzieżyi jej relacje z cechami osobowości– perspektywa międzynarodowa1
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Celem prezentowanych badań jest analiza zależności między aktywnością obywatelską młodzieży a podstawowymi cechami osobowości. Badano trzy wymiary obywatelstwa, zgodnie z modelem Zalewskiej i Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz: (1) pasywne, (2) półaktywne i (3) aktywne – polityczne, społeczne, osobiste i zorientowane na zmiany. Podstawowe cechy osobowości badano w modelu Wielkiej Piątki (Costa, McCrae), który wyróżnia: (1) otwartość na doświadczenie (2) sumienność, (3) ekstrawersję, (4) ugodowość i (5) neurotyczność. 3452 dziewcząt (N = 1786) i chłopców (N = 1666), w wieku 11 (N = 1099), 14 (N = 1192) i 17 (N = 1163) lat, pochodzących z dziesięciu krajów Europy – dużych miast (N = 1561) i miasteczek (N = 1863) – wypełniało Kwestionariusz Zachowań Obywatelskich oraz narzędzie do badania cech Wielkiej Piątki (NEO FFI lub BFQ44). Wyniki pokazały podobny wzorzec aktywności obywatelskiej młodzieży we wszystkich badanych krajach – najwyższą gotowość do obywatelstwa o charakterze pasywnym i półaktywnym oraz najniższą do aktywności politycznej i działania na rzecz zmiany. Spośród podstawowych cech osobowości sumienność i ekstrawersja wiążą się najsilniej poszczególnymi wymiarami zachowań obywatelskich, a neurotyczność powiązana jest z nimi najsłabiej. Jedynie angażowanie się w bezpośrednie działania polityczne nie ma związku z podstawowymi cechami osobowości i jest uwarunkowane innymi czynnikami.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between young people’s citizenship behaviors and their basic personality traits. Three dimensions of citizenship were studied with the use of the model proposed by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz: (1) passive citizenship, (2) semi-active citizenship, and (3) active citizenship with the following sub-dimensions: political, social, and personal citizenship, and action for change. The Big Five personality traits: (1) Openness to experience (2) Conscientiousness, (3) Extraversion, (4) Agreeableness, and (5) Neuroticism, were evaluated using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) (Costa & McCrae) or the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ44) (Capara, Barbaranelli, Borgogni, & Perugini, 1993). The surveyed sample consisted of a total of 3452 girls (N = 1786) and boys (N = 1666) aged 11 (N = 1099), 14 (N = 1192) and 17 (N = 1163) years. The respondents resided in big cities (N = 1561) and small towns (N = 1863) in 10 countries. The participants completed the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire and a Big Five personality test (NEO FFI or BFQ44). The results revealed similar citizenship behavior patterns among young people from all surveyed countries. The respondents were most willing to engage in passive and semi-active citizenship activities, and they were least likely to become involved in political activities and activities aimed at bringing about a change. In the analyzed group of personality traits, Conscientiousness and Extraversion were the most strongly correlated with the evaluated dimensions of citizenship behavior, whereas Neuroticism was the least strongly correlated trait. Direct political citizenship was the only dimension that was not correlated with any of the personality traits and was influenced by other factors.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between young people’s citizenship behaviors and their basic personality traits. Three dimensions of citizenship were studied with the use of the model proposed by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz: (1) passive citizenship, (2) semi-active citizenship, and (3) active citizenship with the following sub-dimensions: political, social, and personal citizenship, and action for change. The Big Five personality traits: (1) Openness to experience (2) Conscientiousness, (3) Extraversion, (4) Agreeableness, and (5) Neuroticism, were evaluated using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) (Costa & McCrae) or the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ44) (Capara, Barbaranelli, Borgogni, & Perugini, 1993). The surveyed sample consisted of a total of 3452 girls (N = 1786) and boys (N = 1666) aged 11 (N = 1099), 14 (N = 1192) and 17 (N = 1163) years. The respondents resided in big cities (N = 1561) and small towns (N = 1863) in 10 countries. The participants completed the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire and a Big Five personality test (NEO FFI or BFQ44). The results revealed similar citizenship behavior patterns among young people from all surveyed countries. The respondents were most willing to engage in passive and semi-active citizenship activities, and they were least likely to become involved in political activities and activities aimed at bringing about a change. In the analyzed group of personality traits, Conscientiousness and Extraversion were the most strongly correlated with the evaluated dimensions of citizenship behavior, whereas Neuroticism was the least strongly correlated trait. Direct political citizenship was the only dimension that was not correlated with any of the personality traits and was influenced by other factors.
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Palavras-chave
citizenship behaviors Big Five model personality young Europeans zachowania obywatelskie model Wielkiej Piątki osobowość młodzież Europejczycy