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Characterizing sedentary behaviour of elderly people with cognitive decline, living in residential care
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Introduction: Individuals experiencing cognitive decline frequently require specialised care being often institutionalised. In this context, sedentary behaviour (SB) tends to increase, and it is associated with increased mortality risk. However, few studies have examined SB patterns among institutionalised older adults with cognitive decline. Objective: To characterise time spent in SB (total hours and bout duration), the nature of sedentary activities (location, social context, and type), and their distribution throughout the day. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 109 institutionalised older adults (>65 years) with cognitive decline, able to move independently from sitting to standing. SB was assessed through direct observation using structured criteria and complemented by a wearable device to quantify daily steps. Sociodemographic data, physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery), and cognitive capacity (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination–III) were evaluated. Results: Participants were mostly female (mean age 86,31±7,34 years) and had multiple comorbidities. The mean they spent in SB was 9.6±2.1 hours per day (~77% of waking time), took 860 steps daily, and performed 13 sedentary bouts per day (40 minutes each). The most frequent activity was sitting (2,4±2,1 hours), in the shared living room (3,71±3,12 hours), mainly without interaction with others (6,25±2,37 hours). Sedentary time differed significantly (p<0.001) between morning and afternoon, and between afternoon and evening. Conclusion: Institutionalised older adults exhibited high levels of SB, primarily in cognitively unstimulating activities and in the afternoon. These findings highlight the need for strategies to reduce SB, interrupt sedentary bouts, and promote cognitive engagement to support healthy ageing.
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Residential facilities Aged Dementia Cognitive dysfunction Life style