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Análise comparativa da receita adicional em Companhias Aéreas de baixo custo. Perspetivas Globais
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Este estudo tem como objeto a análise comparativa da eficiência na geração de receita
adicional por companhias aéreas de baixo custo (Low-Cost Carriers – LCC), em diferentes
regiões do mundo. O objetivo principal é identificar quais as regiões que mais se destacam
na utilização estratégica da receita adicional, avaliando padrões, estratégias e níveis de
eficiência. A questão de investigação que orienta este trabalho é: Quais as regiões do
mundo onde a receita adicional é gerada de forma mais eficiente por companhias aéreas
de baixo custo? Para responder a esta questão, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura que
permitiu o enquadramento teórico da temática. Em seguida, procedeu-se à seleção de LCCs
representativas em quatro regiões do mundo (América, Europa, Ásia e Sul do Pacífico,
Médio Oriente e África), recolhendo-se dados financeiros relevantes. A análise foi
conduzida através da metodologia quantitativa DEA – Análise Envoltória de Dados,
utilizando software Python. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a Europa e a região do
Médio Oriente e África apresentam níveis superiores de eficiência, refletindo uma alocação
estratégica mais eficaz dos recursos na geração de receitas adicionais. Em contrapartida,
as regiões da América e da Ásia e Sul do Pacífico demonstraram menor produtividade nesse
domínio. Verificou-se ainda que, na Europa, as companhias tendem a atribuir maior
importância à receita adicional, oferecendo tarifas base mais baixas para incentivar o
consumo de serviços complementares, enquanto na América persiste um maior foco nas
tarifas base elevadas e menor exploração de receitas acessórias. Conclui-se que a receita
adicional constitui um fator estratégico essencial para a sustentabilidade das LCCs, sendo
as estratégias adotadas altamente influenciadas por contextos regionais. Os resultados
obtidos poderão servir de base para recomendações e inovações nas práticas comerciais
destas companhias, reforçando a sua competitividade global.
This study aims to comparatively analyze the efficiency of ancillary revenue generation by low-cost carriers (LCCs) across different regions of the world. The main objective is to identify which regions stand out in strategically leveraging ancillary revenue, by examining patterns, strategies, and levels of efficiency. The guiding research question is: Which regions of the world generate ancillary revenue more efficiently among low-cost carriers? To answer this question, a literature review was conducted to provide theoretical background, followed by the selection of representative LCCs in four world regions (America, Europe, Asia and South Pacific, Middle East and Africa), and the collection of relevant financial data. The analysis was carried out using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, implemented via Python. The results show that Europe and the Middle East & Africa regions demonstrate superior efficiency, reflecting a more strategic allocation of resources in generating ancillary revenues. In contrast, the Americas and Asia & South Pacific regions proved less productive in this area. It was also observed that European LCCs place greater emphasis on ancillary revenue, offering lower base fares to stimulate the purchase of additional services, while American carriers tend to focus more on higher base fares and explore fewer ancillary sources. It is concluded that ancillary revenue plays a critical strategic role in the sustainability of LCCs, and that the effectiveness of these strategies is strongly influenced by regional contexts. These findings provide a valuable basis for recommending improvements and innovations in commercial practices to enhance the global competitiveness of low-cost airlines.
This study aims to comparatively analyze the efficiency of ancillary revenue generation by low-cost carriers (LCCs) across different regions of the world. The main objective is to identify which regions stand out in strategically leveraging ancillary revenue, by examining patterns, strategies, and levels of efficiency. The guiding research question is: Which regions of the world generate ancillary revenue more efficiently among low-cost carriers? To answer this question, a literature review was conducted to provide theoretical background, followed by the selection of representative LCCs in four world regions (America, Europe, Asia and South Pacific, Middle East and Africa), and the collection of relevant financial data. The analysis was carried out using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, implemented via Python. The results show that Europe and the Middle East & Africa regions demonstrate superior efficiency, reflecting a more strategic allocation of resources in generating ancillary revenues. In contrast, the Americas and Asia & South Pacific regions proved less productive in this area. It was also observed that European LCCs place greater emphasis on ancillary revenue, offering lower base fares to stimulate the purchase of additional services, while American carriers tend to focus more on higher base fares and explore fewer ancillary sources. It is concluded that ancillary revenue plays a critical strategic role in the sustainability of LCCs, and that the effectiveness of these strategies is strongly influenced by regional contexts. These findings provide a valuable basis for recommending improvements and innovations in commercial practices to enhance the global competitiveness of low-cost airlines.