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Publication
Impacto da gravidez na saúde oral
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A gravidez é um período que provoca inúmeras alterações no corpo humano, em particular devido às mudanças hormonais, como o aumento dos níveis circulantes de estrogénios e progesterona. Estas alterações fisiológicas podem afetar a cavidade oral e, se não forem devidamente acompanhadas, podem evoluir para condições patológicas.
A perda dentária é uma condição irreversível que tem impacto negativo não apenas na saúde oral, mas também na saúde geral e no bem-estar psicológico. Pode originar dificuldades de mastigação e fala, comprometer a estética do sorriso e contribuir para a perda de autoestima, o isolamento social e o aparecimento de sintomas depressivos.
Durante a gravidez, a perda dentária é relativamente comum e multifatorial. Está associada a fatores sociodemográficos, psicológicos, como a ansiedade que compromete os cuidados pessoais, comportamentais, como o consumo de tabaco ou hábitos de higiene oral, e ainda dietéticos, como o défice de magnésio. As patologias orais mais prevalentes durante a gestação são a cárie e a gengivite. A prevalência desta última nas grávidas varia entre 30% e 100%, consoante os estudos. Quando não tratada, pode evoluir para periodontite, causando perda óssea e, consequentemente, perda dentária. A epúlide gravídica é outra condição frequente, podendo provocar mobilidade dentária e, em casos mais severos, perda óssea localizada.
Uma mulher saudável pode perder dentes durante ou após a gravidez. É essencial lembrar que, contrariamente à crença comum e na maioria dos casos, os tratamentos dentários são seguros durante o segundo trimestre. Assim, a prevenção e o acompanhamento dentário durante a gestação são fundamentais para evitar a progressão de patologias orais e, consequentemente, a perda dentária.
Este trabalho procura aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os determinantes da perda dentária na gravidez, com o objetivo de promover estratégias preventivas eficazes.
Pregnancy is a period that triggers numerous changes in the human body, particularly due to hormonal fluctuations such as increased circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone. These physiological changes can affect the oral cavity and, if not properly monitored, may develop into pathological conditions. Tooth loss is an irreversible condition that negatively impacts not only oral health but also general health and psychological well-being. It can lead to difficulties in chewing and speaking, compromise the aesthetics of the smile, and contribute to a loss of self-esteem, social withdrawal, and the onset of depressive symptoms. Tooth loss during pregnancy is relatively common and multifactorial. It is associated with sociodemographic and psychological factors, such as anxiety that may hinder self-care, as well as behavioral aspects like smoking and poor oral hygiene, and dietary factors, including magnesium deficiency. The most prevalent oral pathologies during pregnancy are dental caries and gingivitis. The reported prevalence of gingivitis in pregnant women ranges from 30% to 100%, depending on the study. If left untreated, it may progress to periodontitis, leading to bone loss and, ultimately, tooth loss. Pregnancy epulis is another frequent condition, often associated with increased tooth mobility and, in more severe cases, localized bone loss. A healthy woman may experience tooth loss during or after pregnancy. It is important to note that, contrary to common belief, most dental treatments are safe during the second trimester. Therefore, prevention and regular dental care during pregnancy are essential to avoid the progression of oral diseases and the resulting tooth loss. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the determinants of tooth loss during pregnancy, with the goal of developing effective preventive strategies.
Pregnancy is a period that triggers numerous changes in the human body, particularly due to hormonal fluctuations such as increased circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone. These physiological changes can affect the oral cavity and, if not properly monitored, may develop into pathological conditions. Tooth loss is an irreversible condition that negatively impacts not only oral health but also general health and psychological well-being. It can lead to difficulties in chewing and speaking, compromise the aesthetics of the smile, and contribute to a loss of self-esteem, social withdrawal, and the onset of depressive symptoms. Tooth loss during pregnancy is relatively common and multifactorial. It is associated with sociodemographic and psychological factors, such as anxiety that may hinder self-care, as well as behavioral aspects like smoking and poor oral hygiene, and dietary factors, including magnesium deficiency. The most prevalent oral pathologies during pregnancy are dental caries and gingivitis. The reported prevalence of gingivitis in pregnant women ranges from 30% to 100%, depending on the study. If left untreated, it may progress to periodontitis, leading to bone loss and, ultimately, tooth loss. Pregnancy epulis is another frequent condition, often associated with increased tooth mobility and, in more severe cases, localized bone loss. A healthy woman may experience tooth loss during or after pregnancy. It is important to note that, contrary to common belief, most dental treatments are safe during the second trimester. Therefore, prevention and regular dental care during pregnancy are essential to avoid the progression of oral diseases and the resulting tooth loss. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the determinants of tooth loss during pregnancy, with the goal of developing effective preventive strategies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Gravidez Gengivite Periodontite Perda dentária