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Publication
A perda de identidade cultural das cidades e o enfraquecimento da experiência turística: o caso dos bairros históricos de Lisboa
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Abstract(s)
O crescente volume de oferta e procura turísticas em Portugal tornou-se hoje numa realidade incontornável. Entende-se necessário um olhar mais cuidado e reflexivo acerca de questões éticas que decorrem do desenvolvimento e crescimento exponencial deste sector, nomeadamente as que envolvem as relações entre diferentes stakeholders, em particular turistas, comunidades locais e agentes públicos e privados que promovem e lucram com esta atividade. Deste modo, aprofunda-se a importância da ética num mundo cada vez mais globalizado, dominado pelos “jogos de interesses” e dinâmicas económicas, que constituem verdadeiros poderes transversais, e pela consequente desvalorização de questões sociais e culturais. Nesta investigação objectivou-se uma reflexão e análise de prós e contras do desenvolvimento do turismo neste contexto, admitindo que esta é uma atividade que tem tanto de vantajoso como de prejudicial se não for gerida nos termos certos. E é neste sentido que se conduz este estudo, no qual se procurou perceber se existe uma relação de causa efeito entre o boom turístico e a perda de identidade cultural nas cidades, ou seja, tentou analisar-se o processo de gentrificação e os seus efeitos nas identidades urbanas.
Para uma análise mais detalhada do tema, optou-se por incluir neste estudo quatro bairros históricos de Lisboa - Alfama, Mouraria, Estrela e Campo de Ourique – por se reconhecer neles um passado de história, de cultura e de tradição urbanas com grandes especificidades, mas também por neles se perceber um presente e um futuro incertos no que toca a estas características identitárias. E é por se valorizar e admirar a “alma” destes bairros, que se dá voz às comunidades, aos turistas, aos comerciantes e empresários de alojamento turístico e restauração.
Assim, foram analisadas questões importantes como a relação entre alguns dos stakeholders presentes nestes bairros e o turismo; características culturais/tradicionais; o envelhecimento populacional; o fenómeno do crescimento do alojamento local e também o turismo de massas. Pretendeu-se com o estudo, verificar como é que todas estas novas situações podem representar uma ameaça para os bairros e para as suas comunidades e, simultaneamente, para os turistas e para o turismo cultural neste contexto.
Lançou-se, desta forma, um olhar mais crítico e mais profundo sobre o turismo que existe actualmente em Lisboa, realçando algumas preocupações não só pelas questões culturais, mas sobretudo pelas questões sociais e emocionais que aqui se vivem. Espera-se que este estudo sirva de instrumento para uma maior reflexão e cidadania neste contexto.
The growing volume of demand and tourist offer in Portugal have become an unavoidable reality. So, in this context, it is necessary a more careful and reflective look on the ethical issues arising from the development and exponential growth of this sector, namely those involving the relations between different stakeholders, in particular tourists, local communities and public and private agents that promote and profit from this activity. In this way, it is deepened the importance of ethics in an increasingly globalized world, dominated by the "games of interest" and economic dynamics, which are true transverse powers, and by the consequent devaluation of social and cultural issues. This research aims to bring the reflection and analysis of the pros and cons of the development of tourism in this context, admitting that tourism is both beneficial and harmful if it is not managed in the right terms. Moreover, it is in this sense that this study is conducted in which it was tried to understand if there is a relation of cause-effect between the tourist boom and the loss of cultural identity in the cities, that is, it attempted to analyze the process of gentrification and its effects on urban identities. For a more detailed analysis of the theme it was decided to apply this research in four historical Lisbon districts, “Alfama”, “Mouraria”, “Estrela” and “Campo de Ourique”- for recognizing in them a past of history, culture and urban tradition with great specificities, but also by perceiving in them an uncertain present and future as regards these identity characteristics. It is by valuing and admiring the “soul” of these neighbourhoods, that the communities, tourists, merchants and businessmen of tourist accomodation and restaurants are given a voice to care for their interests. Thus, important issues were analysed, such as the relationship between some of the stakeholders present in these neighbourhoods and tourism; cultural/traditional characteristics; population ageing; the phenomenon of growth of local housing and also mass tourism. It was intended with the study, to verify how all these new situations may pose a threat to the neighbourhoods and their communities and, simultaneously, for tourists and cultural tourism in this context. In this way, a more critical and in-depth look was launched to tourism that currently exists in Lisbon, highlighting some concerns not only for cultural issues but also for social and emotional issues that live here. Hoped that this study serves as an instrument for further reflection and citizenship in this context.
The growing volume of demand and tourist offer in Portugal have become an unavoidable reality. So, in this context, it is necessary a more careful and reflective look on the ethical issues arising from the development and exponential growth of this sector, namely those involving the relations between different stakeholders, in particular tourists, local communities and public and private agents that promote and profit from this activity. In this way, it is deepened the importance of ethics in an increasingly globalized world, dominated by the "games of interest" and economic dynamics, which are true transverse powers, and by the consequent devaluation of social and cultural issues. This research aims to bring the reflection and analysis of the pros and cons of the development of tourism in this context, admitting that tourism is both beneficial and harmful if it is not managed in the right terms. Moreover, it is in this sense that this study is conducted in which it was tried to understand if there is a relation of cause-effect between the tourist boom and the loss of cultural identity in the cities, that is, it attempted to analyze the process of gentrification and its effects on urban identities. For a more detailed analysis of the theme it was decided to apply this research in four historical Lisbon districts, “Alfama”, “Mouraria”, “Estrela” and “Campo de Ourique”- for recognizing in them a past of history, culture and urban tradition with great specificities, but also by perceiving in them an uncertain present and future as regards these identity characteristics. It is by valuing and admiring the “soul” of these neighbourhoods, that the communities, tourists, merchants and businessmen of tourist accomodation and restaurants are given a voice to care for their interests. Thus, important issues were analysed, such as the relationship between some of the stakeholders present in these neighbourhoods and tourism; cultural/traditional characteristics; population ageing; the phenomenon of growth of local housing and also mass tourism. It was intended with the study, to verify how all these new situations may pose a threat to the neighbourhoods and their communities and, simultaneously, for tourists and cultural tourism in this context. In this way, a more critical and in-depth look was launched to tourism that currently exists in Lisbon, highlighting some concerns not only for cultural issues but also for social and emotional issues that live here. Hoped that this study serves as an instrument for further reflection and citizenship in this context.
Description
Keywords
Alojamento local Bairros históricos Ética no turismo Identidade cultural Turismo massificado Cultural identity Ethical tourism Historical neighborhoods Local housing Mass tourism