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Publication
Modelo de risco de terreno: a influência das fiscalizações rodoviárias na condução sob o efeito de álcool, na 1.ª Divisão Policial do Comando Metropolitano do Porto da PSP
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Abstract(s)
O número arrebatador de mortes e lesões graves associadas à condução sob o efeito do
álcool, representa uma das muitas consequências que este flagelo social evidencia. O
consumo de álcool em excesso, afeta o processamento cognitivo, deteriora a capacidade
motora e, consequentemente, prejudica o tempo de reação. Nas últimas décadas, os limites
de Taxa de Álcool no Sangue em Portugal têm vindo a decrescer gradualmente, embora no
espectro da União Europeia, o sul do continente europeu se constate como a zona onde se
praticam limites superiores. Para a Criminologia Ambiental as oportunidades criminais,
associadas às características físicas dos locais onde o maior número de crimes se verifica,
estão na génese para a explicação do fenómeno criminal. Os elevados graus de complexidade
e incerteza gerados pela evolução das sociedades, apresentam-se como um dos principais
obstáculos para os decisores policiais, incrementando a necessidade de produzir uma
resposta policial cada vez mais híbrida, eficiente e completa. Esta investigação desenvolveu se com recurso a uma técnica preditiva, designada de Modelo de Risco de Terreno, onde se
recorreu à georreferenciação de fatores de riscos, por forma a delimitar áreas de possível
risco criminal. Destarte, o método, aplicado através do Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics
Software evidenciou que os fatores de risco selecionados influenciam a condução em estado
de embriaguez, uma vez que se conseguiu identificar os locais na 1.ª Divisão Policial do
Comando Metropolitano do Porto onde existe a maior probabilidade de se efetivarem este
tipo de crimes. Com este desiderato as ações de fiscalização podem ser direcionadas pela
Polícia de Segurança Pública, por forma a repercutir um impacto mais significativo na
diminuição deste tipo de criminalidade.
The overwhelming number of deaths and serious injuries associated with driving under the influence of alcohol represents one of the many consequences that this social scourge highlights. The consumption of alcohol in excess affects cognitive processing, deteriorates motor capacity and, consequently, impairs reaction time. In the last decades, the Blood Alcohol Concentration limits in Portugal have been gradually decreasing, although in the spectrum of the European Union, the south of the European continent is the zone where higher limits are practiced. For Environmental Criminology, criminal opportunities, associated with the physical characteristics of the places where the highest number of crimes occur, are at the genesis for the explanation of the criminal phenomenon. The high degrees of complexity and uncertainty generated by the evolution of societies present themselves as one of the main obstacles for police decision-makers, enhancing the need to produce an increasingly hybrid, efficient and complete police response. This research was developed using a predictive technique, called Risk Terrain Model, where the georeferencing of risk factors was used, in order to delimit areas of possible criminal risk. Thus, the method, applied through the Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics Software, showed that the selected risk factors influence driving under the influence of alcohol, since it was possible to identify the places in the 1st Police Division of the Metropolitan Command of Porto where this type of crime is most likely to take place. With this purpose, enforcement actions may be directed by the Public Security Police, to have a more significant impact on the reduction of this type of criminality.
The overwhelming number of deaths and serious injuries associated with driving under the influence of alcohol represents one of the many consequences that this social scourge highlights. The consumption of alcohol in excess affects cognitive processing, deteriorates motor capacity and, consequently, impairs reaction time. In the last decades, the Blood Alcohol Concentration limits in Portugal have been gradually decreasing, although in the spectrum of the European Union, the south of the European continent is the zone where higher limits are practiced. For Environmental Criminology, criminal opportunities, associated with the physical characteristics of the places where the highest number of crimes occur, are at the genesis for the explanation of the criminal phenomenon. The high degrees of complexity and uncertainty generated by the evolution of societies present themselves as one of the main obstacles for police decision-makers, enhancing the need to produce an increasingly hybrid, efficient and complete police response. This research was developed using a predictive technique, called Risk Terrain Model, where the georeferencing of risk factors was used, in order to delimit areas of possible criminal risk. Thus, the method, applied through the Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics Software, showed that the selected risk factors influence driving under the influence of alcohol, since it was possible to identify the places in the 1st Police Division of the Metropolitan Command of Porto where this type of crime is most likely to take place. With this purpose, enforcement actions may be directed by the Public Security Police, to have a more significant impact on the reduction of this type of criminality.
Description
Keywords
Álcool Criminalidade ambiental Modelo de risco de terreno Policiamento prediotivo Taxa de álcool no sangue Alcohol Environmental Criminology Risk Terrain Model Predictive Policing Blood Alcohol Level