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Segurança em situação de emergência: a importância dos ocupantes
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A presente dissertação insere-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho, ministrado pela Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais de Setúbal em parceria com a Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, e centra-se na análise da importância dos ocupantes na segurança em situação de emergência. Os edifícios e estabelecimentos devem incorporar medidas de autoproteção adequadas, concebidas para assegurar uma resposta eficaz em caso de emergência. A implementação dessas medidas exige não apenas uma estrutura organizacional e técnica adequada, mas também a consciencialização e o envolvimento ativo de todos os ocupantes. Assim, torna-se essencial garantir que cada indivíduo conheça as normas de segurança do edifício que ocupa, compreenda os procedimentos de atuação e participe em ações de formação e sensibilização que promovam comportamentos preventivos. O objetivo central deste estudo consiste em avaliar a perceção e o nível de preparação dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino secundário relativamente à segurança e à atuação em situações de emergência, considerando o papel que desempenham enquanto ocupantes de uma Unidade de Utilização (UT) de tipo escolar. De forma complementar, pretende-se identificar o grau de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre as medidas de segurança existentes, a experiência e a formação prévias nesta área, bem como as entidades com responsabilidades na implementação e monitorização das medidas de autoproteção. Adicionalmente, procura-se compreender quais os meios de comunicação e sensibilização considerados mais eficazes pelos estudantes para reforçar a capacidade de resposta em contextos de emergência. A investigação segue uma abordagem aplicada de natureza quantitativa, com base num estudo transversal realizado através de inquérito por questionário. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar fragilidades e boas práticas associadas à cultura de segurança escolar, evidenciando que mais de 60% dos 84 estudantes inquiridos se sentem bastante (21,4%) ou muito familiarizados (40,5%) com as instalações da escola. A maioria dos participantes (88,1%) afirmou saber localizar as saídas de emergência, o que revela um bom nível de conhecimento sobre um dos recursos mais críticos em contexto escolar. Verificou-se também que 75% dos estudantes conhecem a localização dos planos de emergência, enquanto os pontos de encontro e os extintores são menos reconhecidos, sendo identificados por 71,4% e 64,3% dos inquiridos, respetivamente. Relativamente aos cenários a testar nos simulacros, 85,7% dos estudantes apontaram o incêndio como o mais importante, seguido dos sismos (33,3%) e das inundações (16,7%). Estes resultados reforçam a relevância da formação contínua e da sensibilização dos ocupantes como fatores determinantes para o sucesso da atuação em situações de emergência no ambiente escolar.
This dissertation is part of the Master's Degree in Occupational Health and Safety, taught by the Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais de Setúbal in partnership with the Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, and focuses on analysing the importance of occupants in emergency safety. Buildings and establishments must incorporate adequate self-protection measures designed to ensure an effective response in the event of an emergency. The implementation of these measures requires not only an adequate organisational and technical structure, but also the awareness and active involvement of all occupants. It is therefore essential to ensure that each individual is familiar with the safety regulations of the building they occupy, understands the procedures to be followed and participates in training and awareness-raising activities that promote preventive behaviour. The main objective of this study is to assess the perception and level of preparedness of secondary school students regarding safety and emergency response, considering the role they play as occupants of a school-type Use Unit (UT). Furthermore, it aims to identify the students' level of knowledge about existing safety measures, their previous experience and training in this area, as well as the entities responsible for implementing and monitoring self-protection measures. In addition, the study seeks to understand which means of communication and awareness-raising are considered most effective by students in strengthening response capacity in emergency contexts. The research follows an applied quantitative approach, based on a cross-sectional study conducted through a questionnaire survey. The results obtained identified weaknesses and good practices associated with school safety culture, showing that more than 60% of the 84 students surveyed feel quite (21.4%) or very familiar (40.5%) with the school facilities. Most participants (88.1%) said they knew where the emergency exits were located, which reveals a good level of knowledge about one of the most critical resources in a school context. It was also found that 75% of students know the location of emergency plans, while meeting points and fire extinguishers are less well known, being identified by 71.4% and 64.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding the scenarios to be tested in drills, 85.7% of students pointed to fire as the most important, followed by earthquakes (33.3%) and floods (16.7%). These results reinforce the importance of ongoing training and awareness among occupants as determining factors for successful action in emergency situations in the school environment.
This dissertation is part of the Master's Degree in Occupational Health and Safety, taught by the Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais de Setúbal in partnership with the Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, and focuses on analysing the importance of occupants in emergency safety. Buildings and establishments must incorporate adequate self-protection measures designed to ensure an effective response in the event of an emergency. The implementation of these measures requires not only an adequate organisational and technical structure, but also the awareness and active involvement of all occupants. It is therefore essential to ensure that each individual is familiar with the safety regulations of the building they occupy, understands the procedures to be followed and participates in training and awareness-raising activities that promote preventive behaviour. The main objective of this study is to assess the perception and level of preparedness of secondary school students regarding safety and emergency response, considering the role they play as occupants of a school-type Use Unit (UT). Furthermore, it aims to identify the students' level of knowledge about existing safety measures, their previous experience and training in this area, as well as the entities responsible for implementing and monitoring self-protection measures. In addition, the study seeks to understand which means of communication and awareness-raising are considered most effective by students in strengthening response capacity in emergency contexts. The research follows an applied quantitative approach, based on a cross-sectional study conducted through a questionnaire survey. The results obtained identified weaknesses and good practices associated with school safety culture, showing that more than 60% of the 84 students surveyed feel quite (21.4%) or very familiar (40.5%) with the school facilities. Most participants (88.1%) said they knew where the emergency exits were located, which reveals a good level of knowledge about one of the most critical resources in a school context. It was also found that 75% of students know the location of emergency plans, while meeting points and fire extinguishers are less well known, being identified by 71.4% and 64.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding the scenarios to be tested in drills, 85.7% of students pointed to fire as the most important, followed by earthquakes (33.3%) and floods (16.7%). These results reinforce the importance of ongoing training and awareness among occupants as determining factors for successful action in emergency situations in the school environment.
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Keywords
Segurança Emergência Ocupantes Safety Emergency Occupants