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A maioria dos medicamentos comerciais foi desenvolvida para adultos, não existindo formulações nem excipientes adequados às necessidades pediátricas em termos de peso, idade e facilidade de deglutição. Estas limitações obrigam à adaptação de doses, como o fracionamento de comprimidos ou a manipulação magistral, comprometendo a precisão e a estabilidade do medicamento. A palatabilidade e a aceitabilidade são igualmente determinantes para a adesão terapêutica. A impressão tridimensional surge como solução, permitindo criar formas farmacêuticas personalizadas, ajustadas ao peso e idade, com doses precisas, sabores agradáveis e libertação controlada.
Na presente monografia, faz-se uma caracterização da população pediátrica, abordando-se as características e preferências dessa mesma população assim como os problemas relativos à falta de medicação adequada.
Abordam-se também as práticas de uso de medicamentos off-label e de manipulação como alternativas insuficientes. De seguida, revêem-se as principais técnicas de impressão tridimensional usadas no fabrico de medicamentos, realçando a sua importância nesse contexto, e as vantagens e desafios de cada uma. Por fim, exemplifica-se como a impressão tridimensional é importante no desenvolvimento de medicamentos personalizados, com diferentes doses, perfis de libertação do ativo, formatos, cores, tamanhos e sabores, específicos e adaptados às necessidades da população pediátrica.
A impressão tridimensional apresenta-se, assim, como uma ferramenta promissora tanto no presente como no futuro da medicina personalizada, com especial impacto na pediatria.
Most commercial medicines have been developed for adults, and there are no formulations or excipients suitable for paediatric needs in terms of weight, age and ease of swallowing. These limitations require dose adjustments, such as tablet splitting or compounding, compromising the accuracy and stability of the medicine. Palatability and acceptability are also decisive factors for therapeutic adherence. Three-dimensional printing emerges as a solution, allowing the creation of personalised pharmaceutical forms, adjusted to weight and age, with precise doses, pleasant flavours and controlled release. This monograph characterises the paediatric population, addressing its characteristics and preferences as well as problems related to the lack of adequate medication. It also addresses the practices of off-label use and compounding of medicines as insufficient alternatives. Next, it reviews the main three-dimensional printing techniques used in the manufacture of medicines, highlighting their importance in this context and the advantages and challenges of each. Finally, it illustrates how three-dimensional printing is important in the development of personalised medicines, with different doses, active ingredient release profiles, formats, colours, sizes and flavours, specific and adapted to the needs of the paediatric population. Three-dimensional printing thus presents itself as a promising tool both in the present and in the future of personalised medicine, with a particular impact on paediatrics.
Most commercial medicines have been developed for adults, and there are no formulations or excipients suitable for paediatric needs in terms of weight, age and ease of swallowing. These limitations require dose adjustments, such as tablet splitting or compounding, compromising the accuracy and stability of the medicine. Palatability and acceptability are also decisive factors for therapeutic adherence. Three-dimensional printing emerges as a solution, allowing the creation of personalised pharmaceutical forms, adjusted to weight and age, with precise doses, pleasant flavours and controlled release. This monograph characterises the paediatric population, addressing its characteristics and preferences as well as problems related to the lack of adequate medication. It also addresses the practices of off-label use and compounding of medicines as insufficient alternatives. Next, it reviews the main three-dimensional printing techniques used in the manufacture of medicines, highlighting their importance in this context and the advantages and challenges of each. Finally, it illustrates how three-dimensional printing is important in the development of personalised medicines, with different doses, active ingredient release profiles, formats, colours, sizes and flavours, specific and adapted to the needs of the paediatric population. Three-dimensional printing thus presents itself as a promising tool both in the present and in the future of personalised medicine, with a particular impact on paediatrics.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Impressão tridimensional Pediatria Medicamentos Personalização
