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Abstract(s)
A implantação da Primeira República em Portugal criou um ambiente de enorme
instabilidade política e social, debilitando a maioria das instituições nacionais, incluindo
o Exército. A República trouxe ao Exército uma das mais significativas reorganizações da
sua história, provocando um impacto negativo na sua coesão e capacidade operacional, nas
vésperas da participação na Primeira Guerra Mundial. A participação nesta guerra constituirse-
ia para o Exército como um enorme teste às suas componentes: física, moral e conceptual,
particularmente na sua doutrina.
Concluímos que a doutrina do Corpo Expedicionário Português já integrava os
ensinamentos da guerra, tendo sido aplicada nas operações realizadas na Flandres. Quanto
ao treino, este foi na generalidade dos casos realizado de forma inadequada e manifestamente
insuficiente.
A experiência da participação na guerra terá contribuído para a evolução doutrinária, mas
o fator preponderante desta evolução foi a evolução tecnológica. A guerra foi o catalisador
do desenvolvimento tecnológico, mas foi o desenvolvimento tecnológico que condicionou de
forma decisiva a modificação do pensamento doutrinário.
The establishment of the First Republic in Portugal created an environment of a tremendous political and social instability, which weakened most national institutions, including the Army. The Republic brought to the Army one of the most significant reorganization of its history, which had a negative impact on its cohesion and operational capability, on the eve of the participation in the First World War. The participation in this war would be for the Army a huge test to its physical, moral and conceptual components, in particular his doctrine. We conclude that the doctrine of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, which had already absorbed the lessons of the war, was implemented in operations carried out in Flanders. As for the training, was in most cases insufficient and grossly inadequate. The experience of participating in the war has contributed to the doctrinal evolution, but the prevailing factor was the technological evolution. The war was the catalyst for the technological development, but it was the technological development that forced in a decisive way, the changing of the doctrinal thinking.
The establishment of the First Republic in Portugal created an environment of a tremendous political and social instability, which weakened most national institutions, including the Army. The Republic brought to the Army one of the most significant reorganization of its history, which had a negative impact on its cohesion and operational capability, on the eve of the participation in the First World War. The participation in this war would be for the Army a huge test to its physical, moral and conceptual components, in particular his doctrine. We conclude that the doctrine of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps, which had already absorbed the lessons of the war, was implemented in operations carried out in Flanders. As for the training, was in most cases insufficient and grossly inadequate. The experience of participating in the war has contributed to the doctrinal evolution, but the prevailing factor was the technological evolution. The war was the catalyst for the technological development, but it was the technological development that forced in a decisive way, the changing of the doctrinal thinking.
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Keywords
Primeira Guerra Mundial Doutrina Treino Ofensiva Defensiva First World War Doctrine Training Offensive Defensive