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Desescalada situacional na atividade policial
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Resumo(s)
A desescalada situacional tem vindo a assumir crescente relevância no âmbito da reflexão contemporânea sobre o poder de polícia, inserindo-se num modelo de
policiamento democrático orientado para a proteção da vida, dos direitos fundamentais e da legitimidade institucional. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar criticamente a literatura científica relativa à desescalada situacional em contexto policial, com especial enfoque na manutenção da ordem pública, avaliando os seus fundamentos
teóricos, a evidência empírica disponível e o seu enquadramento na Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP).
O estudo adota uma metodologia de revisão narrativa da literatura, incidindo sobre artigos científicos, relatórios institucionais e obras de referência nas áreas da criminologia, ciência policial, psicologia e direito, publicados maioritariamente entre 2000 e 2026, sem prejuízo da inclusão de estudos anteriores considerados relevantes para o enquadramento conceptual do objeto de estudo. A análise evidencia um consenso teórico quanto à relevância ética e operacional da desescalada, associada à redução do risco, à prevenção da escalada do conflito e ao reforço da legitimidade policial. Todavia, identificam-se limitações ao nível da evidência empírica, nomeadamente a escassez de
estudos longitudinais, a heterogeneidade metodológica e a reduzida produção científica em contextos europeus e lusófonos. No plano jurídico, demonstra-se que os princípios da desescalada encontram correspondência no ordenamento jurídico português e na doutrina da PSP, em particular nos princípios da legalidade, necessidade e proporcionalidade. Conclui-se que a sua consolidação depende de fatores como a formação, a cultura organizacional, a liderança e o desenvolvimento de investigação aplicada ao contexto nacional.
Situational de-escalation has gained increasing relevance in contemporary discussions on police power, within a model of democratic policing oriented toward the protection of life, fundamental rights, and institutional legitimacy. This dissertation aims to critically analyze the scientific literature on situational de-escalation in a policing context, with particular focus on public order maintenance, assessing its theoretical foundations, the available empirical evidence, and its applicability within the Portuguese Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP). The study adopts a narrative literature review methodology, examining scientific articles, institutional reports, and key academic works in the fields of criminology, police science, psychology, and law, published mainly between 2000 and 2026, without excluding previous studies considered relevant to the conceptual framework of the object of study. The analysis reveals a significant theoretical consensus regarding the ethical and operational value of de-escalation, commonly associated with risk reduction, the prevention of conflict escalation, and the reinforcement of police legitimacy. However, relevant limitations are identified at the empirical level, namely the scarcity of longitudinal studies, methodological heterogeneity, and the limited body of research in European and Lusophone contexts. From a legal and institutional perspective, the findings indicate that the core principles underlying situational deescalation are already embedded in the Portuguese legal framework and in PSP operational doctrine, particularly in the principles of legality, necessity, andproportionality governing the use of force. The study suggests that the consolidation of situational de-escalation depends on factors such as training, organizational culture, leadership, and the development of applied research in the national context.
Situational de-escalation has gained increasing relevance in contemporary discussions on police power, within a model of democratic policing oriented toward the protection of life, fundamental rights, and institutional legitimacy. This dissertation aims to critically analyze the scientific literature on situational de-escalation in a policing context, with particular focus on public order maintenance, assessing its theoretical foundations, the available empirical evidence, and its applicability within the Portuguese Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP). The study adopts a narrative literature review methodology, examining scientific articles, institutional reports, and key academic works in the fields of criminology, police science, psychology, and law, published mainly between 2000 and 2026, without excluding previous studies considered relevant to the conceptual framework of the object of study. The analysis reveals a significant theoretical consensus regarding the ethical and operational value of de-escalation, commonly associated with risk reduction, the prevention of conflict escalation, and the reinforcement of police legitimacy. However, relevant limitations are identified at the empirical level, namely the scarcity of longitudinal studies, methodological heterogeneity, and the limited body of research in European and Lusophone contexts. From a legal and institutional perspective, the findings indicate that the core principles underlying situational deescalation are already embedded in the Portuguese legal framework and in PSP operational doctrine, particularly in the principles of legality, necessity, andproportionality governing the use of force. The study suggests that the consolidation of situational de-escalation depends on factors such as training, organizational culture, leadership, and the development of applied research in the national context.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Policiais - Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Polícia.
Palavras-chave
desescalada situacional poder de polícia polícia de segurança pública proporcionalidade manutenção da ordem pública situational de-escalation police power proportionality public order maintenance.