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Desenvolvimento e bem-estar em contexto militar : adaptação ao ambiente operacional
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo central analisar a promoção da resiliência e do bem estar dos militares, desde a fase de formação académica até à integração em ambiente
operacional, reconhecido como um contexto exigente e potencialmente gerador de stress.
Neste sentido, procurou-se compreender de que forma a resiliência e o bem-estar contribuem
para o desempenho profissional e para a qualidade de vida dos militares em diferentes
momentos do seu percurso formativo e funcional. A resiliência é aqui entendida como a
capacidade de adaptação face à adversidade, e o bem-estar como um constructo
multifacetado que inclui componentes cognitivas e afetivas associadas à realização pessoal.
Com o objetivo de caracterizar estas dimensões no contexto militar, definiram-se objetivos
específicos como analisar os níveis de resiliência, bem-estar, stress e estratégias de coping
dos cadetes-alunos da Academia Militar (AM) e da Escola de Sargentos do Exército (ESE),
bem como dos militares no ativo; identificar fatores de risco e fatores protetores; propor um
modelo de adaptação ao ambiente operacional; e delinear uma proposta de intervenção. A
investigação seguiu uma metodologia mista, de base indutiva e perspetiva construtivista. A
amostra incluiu cadetes-alunos e militares do Exército, selecionados por conveniência.
A vertente quantitativa foi operacionalizada através da aplicação de questionários como a
Escala de Perceção de Stress, a Escala de Resiliência para Adultos, a Escala de Bem-estar
(Flourishing Scale), o Work/Life Balance Self-Assessment Scale e o EUROHIS-QOL-8. A
vertente qualitativa baseou-se na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas por
análise de conteúdo.
Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas em função da experiência e da posição
hierárquica, nomeadamente Sargentos e Oficiais apresentaram níveis mais elevados de
resiliência e bem-estar, enquanto os cadetes revelaram maior vulnerabilidade e perceção de
stress, bem como, correlações positivas entre bem-estar, resiliência e qualidade de vida, e
negativas com o stress percebido. Os dados qualitativos permitiram identificar eixos
prioritários de intervenção, nomeadamente o reforço do suporte social, a valorização da
estabilidade organizacional e o reconhecimento da carga emocional da profissão militar.
This study aims to analyse the promotion of resilience and well-being among military personnel, from the academic training phase to integration into the operational environment, which is recognised as a demanding and potentially stressful context. The research seeks to understand how resilience and well-being contribute to professional performance and quality of life throughout different stages of military development. Resilience is understood as the capacity to adapt in the face of adversity, while well-being is regarded as a multifaceted construct encompassing cognitive and affective components associated with personal fulfilment. To characterise these dimensions in the military context, specific objectives were defined: to analyse the levels of resilience, well-being, stress, and coping strategies among cadets from the Military Academy (AM) and the Army Sergeants School (ESE), as well as active duty soldiers; to identify risk and protective factors; to propose a model for adaptation to operational environments; and to outline an intervention strategy. The study followed a mixed-methods approach, grounded in an inductive logic and a constructivist perspective. The sample comprised cadets and active military personnel, selected through convenience sampling. The quantitative component was implemented using validated instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Adult Resilience Scale, the Flourishing Scale, the Work/Life Balance Self-Assessment Scale, and the EUROHIS-QOL-8. The qualitative component involved the conduction of semi-structured interviews, analysed using content analysis. The results revealed significant differences according to participants' experience and hierarchical position: Sergeants and Officers showed higher levels of resilience and well being, whereas cadets exhibited greater psychological vulnerability and higher perceived stress. Positive correlations were found between well-being, resilience, and quality of life, and negative correlations with perceived stress. Qualitative data highlighted key intervention priorities, such as the reinforcement of social support, the enhancement of organisational stability, and the recognition of the emotional demands inherent to the military profession.
This study aims to analyse the promotion of resilience and well-being among military personnel, from the academic training phase to integration into the operational environment, which is recognised as a demanding and potentially stressful context. The research seeks to understand how resilience and well-being contribute to professional performance and quality of life throughout different stages of military development. Resilience is understood as the capacity to adapt in the face of adversity, while well-being is regarded as a multifaceted construct encompassing cognitive and affective components associated with personal fulfilment. To characterise these dimensions in the military context, specific objectives were defined: to analyse the levels of resilience, well-being, stress, and coping strategies among cadets from the Military Academy (AM) and the Army Sergeants School (ESE), as well as active duty soldiers; to identify risk and protective factors; to propose a model for adaptation to operational environments; and to outline an intervention strategy. The study followed a mixed-methods approach, grounded in an inductive logic and a constructivist perspective. The sample comprised cadets and active military personnel, selected through convenience sampling. The quantitative component was implemented using validated instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Adult Resilience Scale, the Flourishing Scale, the Work/Life Balance Self-Assessment Scale, and the EUROHIS-QOL-8. The qualitative component involved the conduction of semi-structured interviews, analysed using content analysis. The results revealed significant differences according to participants' experience and hierarchical position: Sergeants and Officers showed higher levels of resilience and well being, whereas cadets exhibited greater psychological vulnerability and higher perceived stress. Positive correlations were found between well-being, resilience, and quality of life, and negative correlations with perceived stress. Qualitative data highlighted key intervention priorities, such as the reinforcement of social support, the enhancement of organisational stability, and the recognition of the emotional demands inherent to the military profession.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resiliência Bem-estar Formação académica Contexto militar Fatores stressores Fatores protetores Resilience Well-being Academic training Military context Stressors Protective factors